tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58369430613545140992024-03-18T22:28:21.758-05:00The Way of WaterDr. Jennifer Veilleux is a geographer and water scientist. This blog shares news, research, and fieldwork experiences from the Nile, Mekong, and Missouri river basins. She analyzes the impact development has on water and river communities. Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.comBlogger293125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-38314166675562043932021-10-14T10:52:00.020-05:002021-10-14T11:11:49.241-05:00The Renaissance Dam and the Question of Water Rights on the Nile River<p>Yes, it has been awhile.</p><p>I was recently <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXoJQ3MarEI&t=1s" target="_blank">sent this video</a> by a lawyer I met through some discussions about indigenous rights threats from Ethiopia's Renaissance Dam (aka GERD) on the Nile River. I have been asked several times over the last year by Egyptian journalists and professionals to weigh in on the dam project, given where it is today and that I was doing research on the project at the outset. I have declined, but not before I shared my critical view of the whole situation with those who have asked. The response in each case was crickets, so apparently it is not something anyone wants to platform. So here I am going to platform myself.</p><p>I do want to say that I am still interested to work with indigenous groups on the issue of their human/water/land rights threats from the project. Indigenous concerns in this case are tangible: based on human beings quality of life, right to life, and lifeways. Indigenous communities have maintained a way of life for themselves without needing to assimilate to whatever the dominant culture is in their given geography, as such Indigenous communities are like countries within countries - in some cases, not all, they actually are recognized as sovereign nations. Unfortunately, in the three Nile countries in question here, no such allowance exists. Nation-states or country concerns are centered on economics, often dressed up as human rights. The right to profit from water does not, in my opinion, come under the auspices of human rights. I am not going to work with indigenous groups if and when they are being used as leverage for national propaganda agendas. <b>Egyptian, Ethiopian, Sudanese Governments, with a capital G, do not have a track record of integrity or justice when it comes to indigenous rights of the people in their own borders. </b>I said this in a World Bank report that was subsequently scrubbed of such assertions - even though I backed them with peer reviewed scholarship that included critical examination of the situation of Nubians after the Aswan Dam, displaced people in the Rosaries dam footprint, and my own interview data that included Ethiopian officials stating over and over again: what is the sacrifice of 20,000 people for 90 million? Today, in all three of these countries, the Governments ignore indigenous voices and/or respond with violence.<b> That any of these governments would suddenly care about the Gumuz or Berta is a deception. </b>And look, this ugly behavior is not isolated to these three Nile countries - this is everywhere in the world, some, like European or North American Governments, do it more subtly but just as violently and insidiously. </p><p>I see this video as problematic and confusing. Confident assertions of one's perspective at the cost of misrepresenting the actual situation at hand is irresponsible at best. Some could label this type of product propaganda, or gaslighting. Here I would like to weigh in on this video in 6 points and a suggestion: </p><p>1. This narrative centers Egypt. When one people is centered in a narrative, this naturally erases or eclipses other people in a given situation. When you erase or eclipse other people, there are probably some human rights violations in the works. Another example of a country that does this consistently is the USA, my native country, in dealing with anyone they have to share resources with - Canada, Mexico, sovereign nations of indigenous people within their borders. USA needs, almost always to do with national economics, come first and or worse yet, are the only needs in question when you listen to the videos or narratives our government agencies put out. It is a thinly veiled supremacy agenda. When it comes to this video: Egypt is putting themselves at the center of a story that really centers in a place outside of their control - another sovereign land upstream: Ethiopia.</p><p>2. Passive aggression and gaslighting #1 Subtle imagery. When information is presented in this sort of format - using stock images referring to an unrelated topic, such as showing troop deployment when discussing Egyptian and Sudanese diplomacy with Ethiopia - this starts to warp the narrative. The viewer is confronted with disconnected information that they are then going to connect in their own minds. The result is thinking of the militarization of Egyptian response to Ethiopia as if this is acceptable or true. Showing the Ethiopians who live near to the dam project rather than the Ethiopian cities benefitting from the project, such as Addis Ababa is another example. This sort of weaving disparate ideas together through audio and visual products - film - is a very tried and true form of persuasion that often is not true or just one facet of reality.</p><p>3. Passive aggression and stating "facts" that cannot be proven #2 Subtle language. The dismissive language - of what was translated - about Ethiopians, insulting and threatening, is not lost. This is passive aggressive behavior and a sign of unhealthy communication. The confident presentation of numbers and legal precedent is likewise problematic. This is not discourse, this is an attempt to force a narrative. This narrative is based more on emotion and sense of entitlement than it is facts. Ex. where is this loss of arable land? why are the dams between the Renaissance dam and the majority of Egyptian agricultural activity not addressed? how did you calculate your number related to water? why is this water assumed to belong to anyone? why would Egypt decide what Ethiopia does in its sovereign territory?</p><p>4. Talking about water as something that there can be a perpetual easement or international law guaranteed...Sorry colonizers; the days of the colonial spirit are dying, so let's stop using that language. This legal language constantly thrown around as if it means something reflects a set of rules made by and benefitting colonial powers and those the colonial powers favored. And that power has waned. Law and justice are not the same thing - and rights are a whole different bag of ideas and realities. Whose rights? At whose expense?</p><p>5. Once again asserting that Ethiopia built the dam because Egypt was in turmoil. I tire of this assertion. Before I get into why let me point out that Ethiopia itself has been in turmoil for years now, including some huge number of political prisoners that are living (if they are living) under questionable conditions. I shudder to think what will be revealed outside the borders once current Ethiopian leadership changes hands. I digress, but only to point out - Ethiopia is busy and always has been busy - too busy to be building plans around an out of the blue revolution in Egypt. The plans to build this dam, the largest project of its kind on the African continent, did not happen out of the blue in a time of advantage centering Egypt. Ethiopia started this because of Ethiopia. The dam plans were formed first by colonial engineers, then by anti-communist efforts of the USA during all that Cold War tax dollar spending on foreign interests. The dam has changed names a number of times because it has been decades in the making. In 1970s the Emperor was planning to break ground. Ethiopia is a country of equal complexity and population numbers as Egypt and as such, has its own business to attend to - and it has built relationships. Relationships with the Italian construction company Salini - no matter the opinion of that outfit - they build things. Relationship ties with diaspora who have made a good life for themselves and want to invest back home. Relationships with neighboring countries. Contracts were established with about 5 surrounding countries to sell the electricity by the time I got there in 2012. Those kinds of negotiations and planning do not happen in one year in any culture or geography, especially not one as vast and complicated as where we are talking.</p><p>6. Fear. This narrative is a fear-based narrative. Violence is a response to fear. Fear is generated by the unknown and counter to the apparent confidence of the Egyptian experts highlighted in this video, it is the unknown that has everyone braced. This kind of forced control threats does not offer sustainable healthy societal outcomes - people just want to live their lives. Discourse and dialogue, which are done better in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan than most of the world, are the salve to fear. Talk it out - and yes, I know there have been talks ongoing since 2013 of so...so what...your societies are millennia in the making: keep talking. Figure out some ways to cooperate with shared water. Stop referring to models that just do not apply in contemporary reality - models such as colonial authored water distribution or outmoded models of war. </p><p><b>Suggestion:</b> Ask for help. This last point is directed toward my Egyptian, Ethiopian, Sudanese colleagues or the government officials in positions of making decisions on all of this: you do not need to go this alone. This does not mean that I believe these country governments are not capable of appropriate decisions for their geographies. I suggest this collaborative and diverse knowledge-base approach in any complex water system - which they all are. The Nile is one of the largest and most complex water systems in the world. You do not have to have all of the answers. If you bring in more experts <b>do not pay the outrageous fees</b> - anyone who charges huge sums of money to help assess water management is not really there to help, they are just to make a buck and possibly a name for themselves. Avoid bringing in folks from counties where racism is taught from the very start of their education, they are going to have a hard time listening to anyone who does not look like them. Make sure that they are actually credentialed in peer reviewed spaces or community reviewed spaces. So many knowledge or "expertise" vacuums exist in the big banks or international organizations or governments. The ideas put forward are creative, but often unproven and apply only to a fantasy world. <b>The Nile is not an experimental lab for scholars or experts to play with.</b> Some of those folks have untested ideas and enjoy a career of theorizing. There are plenty of human resources that have practical on the ground knowledge of water management - tap into them - especially the ones who know your countries and have spent more than a vacation or workshop there.</p>Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-31061463957551550582019-05-02T07:00:00.000-05:002019-05-02T21:27:15.686-05:00Yankton Sioux Tribe Flooded Basements and Health-related Risk<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
following series of posts about flooding on the Yankton Sioux Reservation are
coauthored and written with express permission of the Yankton Sioux Tribe. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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The previous post about Lake Andes described the lake on the
Yankton Sioux Reservation that has overtopped its banks over a state highway
and has made access to the town of Lake Andes impassable from the east. Since
the writing of that piece I am told that someone came out and dumped a bunch of
sandbags…<o:p></o:p></div>
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There is a community just south and east of the center of
Lake Andes that is referred to as “housing” or Indian Housing. These houses are
administered by the Tribal Government through the Yankton Sioux Housing,
administered by the US Federal Program: Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in
a subset of grants/programs Public Indian Housing, Office of Native American
Programs, Indian Housing (that is a mouthful). The houses in this development
are divided into old housing (26 houses) and new housing (40 houses) with a
total of 66 houses. According to the Yankton Sioux Tribe’s website, there are
252 units (<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://dakota57380sd.tripod.com/ystha.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://dakota57380sd.tripod.com/ystha.html</span></a></span></u>)
under supervision on the reservation under this office, so this community
represents more than 25% of the provided housing. While I am told that no
houses have been built here in more than 25 years, houses are renovated from
time to time, though many stand boarded up and empty and uninhabitable.<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrBIKrmCtW61ajTaL6cRbQC6mgNP5ASXSoDQ5pC3y0nQHPVSJygOaDjiw4RBSw7YS0tfRo-s8N1FNgQlwBlSfOjNwlAIhtFH0cCau7HS7hyeWOciKZ-c2a2jc-qbNalpz1AjvURYHJzY/s1600/YST_19_bikepath2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrBIKrmCtW61ajTaL6cRbQC6mgNP5ASXSoDQ5pC3y0nQHPVSJygOaDjiw4RBSw7YS0tfRo-s8N1FNgQlwBlSfOjNwlAIhtFH0cCau7HS7hyeWOciKZ-c2a2jc-qbNalpz1AjvURYHJzY/s320/YST_19_bikepath2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crumbling bike path caused by Lake Andes flood</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The houses are also located just shy of the approaching new
south shore of Lake Andes. Getting to the housing posed a challenge, as the
flooded road has cut off easy access from Lake Andes. “A woman drove her truck
out in that water yesterday,” we were told. “She didn’t make it, and she ruined
her engine.” The state highway is not only flooded, but given the state of the
parallel bike path just crumbling under the rising lake waters, is most likely
undercut and crumbling under that moving water.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pAw19KApMJfVMqFzYqceKfSkTuC4dDA7jd1ndGADZ56nGOHQFiLIIsy3mpsmhfdtyCKC1bft6mMbi07AE-RVS8dIHvumOzltdEq6TXs7NFetU41IArz6gBhv-SvSfnFTrhLkSWtfoo4/s1600/YST_19_bikepath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pAw19KApMJfVMqFzYqceKfSkTuC4dDA7jd1ndGADZ56nGOHQFiLIIsy3mpsmhfdtyCKC1bft6mMbi07AE-RVS8dIHvumOzltdEq6TXs7NFetU41IArz6gBhv-SvSfnFTrhLkSWtfoo4/s320/YST_19_bikepath.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bike Path from Housing to Lake Andes (uptown)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0SV7Gz6sFrDV_NYQQ4AD6HSxolBrCHsj3q0Ew8AUM-3Zmo8P0_MkLvsakE4hLeYrNfH-EI_jK_Ob4-DX0VXpWSuOzUmiEx13xVHFeE2DFo0UK5kNowXvFzsZM6jAKRqs-mWj4z6X7Kgc/s1600/YST_19_highwayflood.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0SV7Gz6sFrDV_NYQQ4AD6HSxolBrCHsj3q0Ew8AUM-3Zmo8P0_MkLvsakE4hLeYrNfH-EI_jK_Ob4-DX0VXpWSuOzUmiEx13xVHFeE2DFo0UK5kNowXvFzsZM6jAKRqs-mWj4z6X7Kgc/s320/YST_19_highwayflood.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flooded Highway 50/18/281 looking east and south</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First, our team decided to cross through the farmer’s fields
between the highway and housing. We took our bicycles. As we cut through a
tribal member’s yard, a man told us that no one was crossing that way in the
last day or so because the ground was too wet. We decided to test it anyway.
Within about 10 minutes it became clear we were not going to be able to cross
the fields. Our bikes were cemented still by the mud which has a high clay
content. Our shoes were caked in the dark stuff. We retreated to the road, dug
the mud out of the fenders and wheels and headed back to town to ditch the bike
idea. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTh-W90gLWxd338QnO6QOUkknwwu0_mr1FdbUtp-jcZREyWfdvmy5fVhJwV1GO5gVgi4ndtPVBxI3HtSTnDYXjfHH8pZV-Gl4YY525YB7Wa3UxQ4UaVuSvERGMZCjbpeO3_sAA76NTh60/s1600/YST_19_outletofLA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTh-W90gLWxd338QnO6QOUkknwwu0_mr1FdbUtp-jcZREyWfdvmy5fVhJwV1GO5gVgi4ndtPVBxI3HtSTnDYXjfHH8pZV-Gl4YY525YB7Wa3UxQ4UaVuSvERGMZCjbpeO3_sAA76NTh60/s400/YST_19_outletofLA.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Outlet of aquaduct from Lake Andes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Next, we decided to borrow a truck for the dirt road. (My
city car, on a previous day driving on dirt roads north of Lake Andes, ended up
with a rock grinding in the wheel well, undercarriage torn off, and damaged
serpentine belt, which needed to be replaced.) The road over to housing is a
dirt road less than a mile south of Lake Andes that drives between farmer
fields. First we stopped just across the road where the mouth of a tunnel is
gushing water and a flock of pelicans, cormorants, and herons were feeding.
This tunnel is said to connect the water from Lake Andes just west of the
housing, run the water under the farmer’s fields between and eventually to Svatos
Bay and Lake Case (aka the Missouri River). Dozens of dead sizable carp
littered the area around the outlet. And one lay gasping in the field, most
likely cast off from one of the pelicans. We noted the high volume of water and
then continued across the road to housing. The dirt road is washboarded and
potholed and we didn’t get above 25 miles per hour across the land and up the
hill. I could see farmers pulling haybales in the fields and we passed a few
cars coming from housing.</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9bJ7mdcf-_xAannw_dXgwpj6YflvnLkvuX6xyDyeD8NMxFhWbAQdK3UBzRKYGCOkXZXEscOI8ySGP0sHSoCenYZ0T04hJXw6CqBCQAlOiD1q4xi5dXG6IkQSLFMx_u0O0Sxohzj99N0o/s1600/YST_19_pelicans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9bJ7mdcf-_xAannw_dXgwpj6YflvnLkvuX6xyDyeD8NMxFhWbAQdK3UBzRKYGCOkXZXEscOI8ySGP0sHSoCenYZ0T04hJXw6CqBCQAlOiD1q4xi5dXG6IkQSLFMx_u0O0Sxohzj99N0o/s400/YST_19_pelicans.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pelicans flock around the lake outlet south of Lake Andes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5836943061354514099" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>The flooded lake across 50/18/281 has cut the community off
from the town of Lake Andes where the grocery store, gas station, hardware
store, lumber yard, and other services and payment offices are located.
Residents and the Yankton shuttle now need to drive up over the hill on a dirt
road to bypass and get into town or to their jobs at the casino. The dirt road
is in bad shape as my team drove it to get into the community. “My car is
getting messed up having to drive that road every time we want to get to town.
And they are speculating that the other road is going to be overtopped soon,”
one resident told us. There are two paved roads that connect housing to the
state highway 50/18/281. The road that connects further east is still passable
and gives residents access to Wagner, about 20 miles to the east and south. The
road that connects to Lake Andes which is about 1 mile west and north is the
one that is impassable. “Those semis keep coming through here and our roads
can’t handle it. They are driving too fast too for all the kids and pets around
here,” one resident said. The tractor trailers that are hauling various things
are using Indian Housing roads as cut throughs to meet up with the state
highways on the opposite side of the dirt road pass.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRWPKmvinrb3DwN5KbAo5-Dp32vcnyBZH6ZmjZ98dNiKkbxo4C4UrxtP4ZI8pabSo7Sg1IQ2pNE0oXZXtDS_ZDLevKQc4moPoYpa0C4DFfJSsO1_tWMCAM6VS6p9VeHCxxKQYmOwEN-0I/s1600/YST_19_floodedyard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRWPKmvinrb3DwN5KbAo5-Dp32vcnyBZH6ZmjZ98dNiKkbxo4C4UrxtP4ZI8pabSo7Sg1IQ2pNE0oXZXtDS_ZDLevKQc4moPoYpa0C4DFfJSsO1_tWMCAM6VS6p9VeHCxxKQYmOwEN-0I/s400/YST_19_floodedyard.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sump Pump and flood water pools in backyards</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
From above the community, you can see how close the lake
flood is to the houses and the standing water in the yards glints in the sun. The
yards and basements of most of these houses are flooded, and the sound of sump
pumps drones on and off, with the related sound of pouring water out of the
hoses and pipes onto the ground. Pools of water stood in the yard. Our team
spoke with some of the residents in the community about their basements and,
with permission, were able to go into the basements to document the water
damage and mold. We also documented the yards and the areas where the sump pump
outlets drain the water.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeKKQoOaMJ_803fN4MphaC51f6mpblnCWjcpevdh8jbKjdkTA2cguCjNnmbf5kmGObgx0LGEyjU3J6a0wt91iradqhOimZrPBwH-JiPobJPD5kBmfEh6OBrFLmHsAn_SeCDLK8vLJZxE/s1600/YST_19_miasgutter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeKKQoOaMJ_803fN4MphaC51f6mpblnCWjcpevdh8jbKjdkTA2cguCjNnmbf5kmGObgx0LGEyjU3J6a0wt91iradqhOimZrPBwH-JiPobJPD5kBmfEh6OBrFLmHsAn_SeCDLK8vLJZxE/s400/YST_19_miasgutter.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rigged sump pump drain with PVC and gutter to the street</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6pxNJV32QtrxIFmZmUsIVljamUybAQazqhv-tBxIpdWIlsILPwevhXODCdECDEHWAJhDEra9qxsa2WlGgMHP6GeSN12Tkgc56tssHMJqy98-RYnrsY-lX981Vnc-fzOFdFl7CYMtdSv0/s1600/YST_19_hairbasement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6pxNJV32QtrxIFmZmUsIVljamUybAQazqhv-tBxIpdWIlsILPwevhXODCdECDEHWAJhDEra9qxsa2WlGgMHP6GeSN12Tkgc56tssHMJqy98-RYnrsY-lX981Vnc-fzOFdFl7CYMtdSv0/s400/YST_19_hairbasement.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">flooded basement with mushrooms growing</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
We spoke with residents who had water in their basements as
early as November and December. One family had a sick baby due to the related
mold that got into the walls and floors of the house, and Indian Health
Services came out with Housing to get a new sump pump and rigged piping away
from the house and into the street. The piping was partial PVC piping and
jointing, and partial piece of gutter, and while the basement was dry, there was
still evidence of mold. That resident told us that if they did not leave the
basement windows open, the smell became strong and the mold came back. They
were told to bleach the walls regularly to keep out the mold, though one family
member had to throw out her bed because the mold from the wall had corrupted
her bed too. Bleach was not enough to keep the mold at bay. <o:p></o:p></div>
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“Everyone around here is sick. And we’ve been sick for more
than a month. We think it is from what is coming up from the basements,” one
resident said.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Another house we entered told us that they had mushrooms
growing in their basement and when we entered the water was about 4 inches
deep, even with the sump pump. One look outside at the sump pump destination
told us why. The pipe was sticking out about two or three feet from the wall of the
house, periodically throwing out heaps of water that created an enormous pool
along the entire back of the house’s foundation. The pump was just recycling
water from the basement to the backyard and to seep back in again.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghrHZDfuQAL6qfd74Mq-omT_iwbqSUAlsJ4TOKvFMpLl_uX3aQFFdAxYu2uQ8iOVWS3Qx58nHBaNcNG3znOQfQOg5fZ5WHZ1CoT19DxhdJ8ronbbvxxzropIpJsbTQz720bVRMIuHHTN8/s1600/YST_19_hairbackyard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghrHZDfuQAL6qfd74Mq-omT_iwbqSUAlsJ4TOKvFMpLl_uX3aQFFdAxYu2uQ8iOVWS3Qx58nHBaNcNG3znOQfQOg5fZ5WHZ1CoT19DxhdJ8ronbbvxxzropIpJsbTQz720bVRMIuHHTN8/s400/YST_19_hairbackyard.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sump pump drain only a few feet from the house, pooling along the foundation and most likely seeping back into the basement.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another few houses visited and we saw similar situations of
water seeping in along the seams of the basement floor. Sump pumps piping water
just out into the backyard and against house foundations, rather than being
snaked away from the house with a hose or pipe. One sump pump pond formed just
around the resident’s propane container, undercutting the legs. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our guess is that this is groundwater connected with that
approaching lakebed and nearby creek. Mold smattered the walls and floors and
some of the possessions people left downstairs. Some of the residents are
elderly and could not get the beds, bedding, blankets, and clothes out of the
basement before everything was ruined with the flood water. One Elder couple
put a bed in the basement on top of commodity cans. It at least kept the bed
out of the water, but ultimately with the moisture that bed will need to be
thrown away. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:260pt;
height:173pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One resident said, “That water come up and I didn’t know it.
My light doesn’t turn on from upstairs and I was just going down to do laundry
and I stepped off that last step and was shocked to step into water!”<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4O45IWshp-gamskVRn_CffP69wkUpD0ZpZ1N_MO9Rvf4CyPV96D8FMGljZdOxHZrZ9CWVlbIDkpIT1ax78xY3sdVRo1jFPblD9iiwOyoVLg41EGeCwx_yfl9_fed169QhZDqgdMGZwVE/s1600/YST_19_miabasementmold.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4O45IWshp-gamskVRn_CffP69wkUpD0ZpZ1N_MO9Rvf4CyPV96D8FMGljZdOxHZrZ9CWVlbIDkpIT1ax78xY3sdVRo1jFPblD9iiwOyoVLg41EGeCwx_yfl9_fed169QhZDqgdMGZwVE/s400/YST_19_miabasementmold.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mold visible along the foundation walls and the windows of one basement, and in the house above.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:260pt;
height:173pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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o:title=""/>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Another Elder said, “I don’t even go down there, I just keep
the door closed. I don’t know what it is, but I can’t stand that smell!” Her
basement had 1 to 3 inches of standing water even with the sump pump going.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Washers and dryers sat up on boards and were still being
used in some cases. Things are soaked through and moldering including quilting
supplies, regalia, photographs, family heirlooms, and other valuables. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQvpZzbpP7sGrz3ZJnJjohPnVdRUulh8vmixXo8C4wBly7kMSjDLs-F5hUHiXUsuPZMr3tfD08_EqjDXxk6wm3XKRrSzHAK72NYumpz2yGp0xYOwPZmrvx4_5owiKwV0q6d-N1BYfelsU/s1600/YST_19_Kandychuckbasement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQvpZzbpP7sGrz3ZJnJjohPnVdRUulh8vmixXo8C4wBly7kMSjDLs-F5hUHiXUsuPZMr3tfD08_EqjDXxk6wm3XKRrSzHAK72NYumpz2yGp0xYOwPZmrvx4_5owiKwV0q6d-N1BYfelsU/s400/YST_19_Kandychuckbasement.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Even with sump pumps and floor squeegies the flood doesn't stop.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:260pt;
height:173pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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o:title=""/>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
We were told about the local BIA officer, one is assigned to
live within each housing development, who had a whole living area built in his
basement and when the flooding started, he moved out. “I think he lost
everything down there.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihQ_uK1W44QbetvDdflkcscnhqrrHCpoe1E4KDY9wT-whAg1iXAT-Xok71C8jRvyHZwuS3mcUULF2O9l82x7KEAz50pvWMsbb5s5OwMSAuIRCATiznxkbXkvLLH5mKgXCv5xl3994j5js/s1600/YST_19_teresabasement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihQ_uK1W44QbetvDdflkcscnhqrrHCpoe1E4KDY9wT-whAg1iXAT-Xok71C8jRvyHZwuS3mcUULF2O9l82x7KEAz50pvWMsbb5s5OwMSAuIRCATiznxkbXkvLLH5mKgXCv5xl3994j5js/s400/YST_19_teresabasement.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Basement of an Elder with mold and flood waters, and sump pump active.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
When we asked what people plan to do about it, the responses
were varied, but restrained. “There’s not a lot we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i> do,” one resident said. “We’ve asked for help, I’ve been asking
since December. At first they just came out and replaced my sump pump. Then that
burnt out and they came back. After that they just tell us to wait for spring
clean-up to put our things outside to be collected. I don’t want to put things
out now because of the rats and mice making homes in the piles.” When we asked
when spring clean-up was going to happen, no date had been issued. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPAwHZ7MwO_xF0MB9NotOsAIllCrskUIdkpMA-w5Y3aaWUe2v0xTl98eZVJXfHm1aXxycEg5jl96-dZtgYbFkULObIOrdH3qx-7tEfXExGezU46iYOQHUanTRxYucsu7YsQ6wbSWOdbPw/s1600/YST_19_communitycenter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPAwHZ7MwO_xF0MB9NotOsAIllCrskUIdkpMA-w5Y3aaWUe2v0xTl98eZVJXfHm1aXxycEg5jl96-dZtgYbFkULObIOrdH3qx-7tEfXExGezU46iYOQHUanTRxYucsu7YsQ6wbSWOdbPw/s400/YST_19_communitycenter.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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id="Picture_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:260pt;
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Our last stop was the police station and community center
where we saw sandbags scattered about, some broken open. We spoke to the man on
staff who told us that about 5 inches of water had come in in March, flowing
under the front door and seeping in through the gymnasium. They responded by
sandbagging and using a pump to eliminate the water. Since then no more water
had come in. The Pow-Wow grounds are inundated just on the other side of the
road from the community center. The cook-houses sitting in about a foot of
water, and the old commodities house sat in water.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7pbJfGmOsr8c8Cq2npmJHB0oNUbHcEmB4vBmzfCFORcKDO8nmAqOvyC1cgokxQ5k9q5_m4ve_OnyzU6plFIjrLenpsrZq0T_glQpxBOqHJVn8G2msEFkXdV5X8L0KEiV5RROvplClGU/s1600/YST_19_cookhouses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7pbJfGmOsr8c8Cq2npmJHB0oNUbHcEmB4vBmzfCFORcKDO8nmAqOvyC1cgokxQ5k9q5_m4ve_OnyzU6plFIjrLenpsrZq0T_glQpxBOqHJVn8G2msEFkXdV5X8L0KEiV5RROvplClGU/s400/YST_19_cookhouses.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cook houses out in the flood water.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another resident mused, “This is the last push for us to
move out of here. I don’t know if this community is going to survive this flood
once the spring rains come. That lake just keeps creeping up.”<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguI_MDzrzAyTi6Nod69BBJsSlnyvStOSH1vGmWz9qEjqacD14I1hzFb4i_IUsMDSEPyS2MENOiLMVtYJAZkvagz3jBguorA2y6FCzwaNd2bDK-JUBFLf8OR-m5HP17X_XaeJYKjhb70_w/s1600/YST_19_powwowgrounds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="1086" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguI_MDzrzAyTi6Nod69BBJsSlnyvStOSH1vGmWz9qEjqacD14I1hzFb4i_IUsMDSEPyS2MENOiLMVtYJAZkvagz3jBguorA2y6FCzwaNd2bDK-JUBFLf8OR-m5HP17X_XaeJYKjhb70_w/s400/YST_19_powwowgrounds.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flooded pow-wow grounds</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As we stood at
the Pow-Wow grounds we heard the sound of an 18 wheeler and looked to see a big
tractor trailer coming into the community. Lifting my camera, I shot a picture
and the truck stopped. A moment later it started backing out of the road. A BIA
Police cruiser came snaking by the truck, but no one stopped to talk. We
watched as that big truck struggled until it was turned around and headed back
out onto the highway.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqmo_0UV_hjaQO8rSP5yPqo6hoYDtaoQk0qgtSGzDL6eBzH1CVZsruc2iaW0qc3190NoEOwerKi8M1AI_yauQBSyMXf0q5OJKt7OvfEydUbRWqrHUKcary-LdvEOc4RUG0_HAdOhGjf8/s1600/YST_19_semi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="879" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqmo_0UV_hjaQO8rSP5yPqo6hoYDtaoQk0qgtSGzDL6eBzH1CVZsruc2iaW0qc3190NoEOwerKi8M1AI_yauQBSyMXf0q5OJKt7OvfEydUbRWqrHUKcary-LdvEOc4RUG0_HAdOhGjf8/s640/YST_19_semi.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Semi trucks are using Indian Housing roads as a cut through to bypass flooded Highway 50/18/281</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com33tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-22256273488190895152019-05-01T00:15:00.000-05:002019-05-01T00:18:27.672-05:00Flooding in Davenport, Iowa<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Image result for flooding in davenport iowa" height="358" src="https://media.graytvinc.com/images/690*388/river2ndflooding.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.kwqc.com/content/news/Public-Works-People-stranded-on-roofs-after-river-busts-down-barriers-509283391.html">https://www.kwqc.com/content/news/Public-Works-People-stranded-on-roofs-after-river-busts-down-barriers-509283391.html</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Flooding Mississippi River busted a barrier and flooded downtown Iowa city <a href="https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2019/04/30/davenport-iowa-flooding-hesco-barrier-downtown-water-rescues-2019-memories-1993-mississippi-river/3632984002/?fbclid=IwAR3xquTHW9y-ukkr1p57Yg43GjE9f93p5-c4TOfbuSfhrjQmkiuYt4Szrtw" target="_blank">according to this news report</a>. Davenport is home to 100,000 people. The flood waters are <a href="https://weather.com/news/news/2019-04-30-levee-breach-davenport-iowa" target="_blank">said to be 6 feet deep in places.</a><br />
<br />
Floods are hitting the midwest this spring, and the water is going to keep coming from snowmelt in Montana all the way down the Missouri River system, combined with potentially heavy precipitation events, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/climate/missouri-river-flooding-dams-climate.html" target="_blank">the kind that are linked with climate change</a>. The Missouri is the largest tributary to the Mississippi. The <a href="https://missouririverwatertrail.org/river-history/big-muddy-americas-longest-river" target="_blank">Missouri River is also the longest river in North America</a> and the combined Missouri/Mississippi system constitutes the 4th longest river system in the world, after the Nile, Amazon, and the Yangtze. So why isn't there more attention paid to how these rivers are managed? And why are the Feds managing the river from Omaha or DC without more feedback and input from the stakeholders that live along the banks? That seems like a recipe for disaster, and in fact, it is.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/16/us/nebraska-flooding.html" target="_blank">A large flood situation hit Nebraska last month</a> due nearby to where I live in part to a failed dam on the Niobrara, coupled with a decision from the US Army Corps of Engineers to allow high releases from the Gavins Point dam (Yankton, the town behind the dam was flooding from backed up Lewis and Clark Reservoir, plus heavy precipitation and snow melt (that "bomb cyclone" event). The estimated <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/midwest/sns-tns-bc-midwest-farmers-20190430-story.html" target="_blank">loss to farmers is devastating </a>as <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/03/21/705408364/nebraska-faces-over-1-3-billion-in-flood-losses" target="_blank">numbers and dollar estimates </a>are still rolling in about lost cattle and sanded/ruined fields, but some reports say there is more than $1billion USD in damage.<br />
<br />
Some news articles are paying attention and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-28/missouri-river-floods-are-just-going-to-keep-on-happening?fbclid=IwAR3WCN8ZqzWS3wr7DpSqKV3t7R6hN_cZr7jeZ-rlmyU-vuEMdqzpoGEHzm8" target="_blank">one opinion piece in Bloomberg about the Missouri River speculates that the floods are less a situation driven by natural causes and more by manmade </a>management decisions. Poor management decisions by the Federal Government rather than the stakeholders. Decisions like controlling the Missouri River for navigation, flood control, and hydropower generation in preference to listening to stakeholder input, or management that considers the natural system. There is this stretch of Missouri that runs along the Yankton Sioux Reservation called a "wild and scenic" stretch. And this stretch is in the last category of what that connotation means - it is a recreation stretch really. And the rest of the river is either bloated from being backed up behind a dam or flanked by engineered infrastructure.<br />
<br />
Here is a digression: if middle America is in trouble, the coasts are going to feel it in the grocery stores as most of the country's cereal and wheat comes from this region, a good portion of the beef and pet food, a portion of dairy. And if California keeps seeing dry years like they did just recently, we, as a nation, are going to have to figure out how to keep feeding ourselves.<br />
<br />
Articles abound about how the cities along the rivers in the Missouri and Mississippi systems are preparing for flood waters to rise up. Just as Gilbert Fowler White identified in his research in the 1940s, the US Government, with all these water development projects, gives people a false sense of security. And the insurance companies enable those communities to build in the floodplains. And this can spell disaster and death for middle America.<br />
<br />
Just ask the folks in New Orleans how that infrastructure on the Mississippi is working out as they look UP at the river from Jackson Square; those who didn't leave after Katrina and those failed levees.<br />
<br />
Or ask the Tribes whose homes were taken when the Pick-Sloane project bullied through the river valleys on the Missouri, displacing families and communities in the name of "progress".<br />
<br />
"Progress" that is now a billion dollar operation with federal agencies using expansive budgets and employing scores of workers to "manage" the river. Keeping the USACE full of water engineers with something to do and provide US Fish and Wildlife and related scientists with a living laboratory.<br />
<br />
Engineering massive rivers is a bad habit of those who seek control and lack acceptance of life on life's terms and nature on nature's terms.<br />
<br />
Perhaps these floods will highlight the disparity that Native American communities face along this river system, <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/devastating-mississippi-river-flood-uprooted-americas-faith-progress-180962856/" target="_blank">just as the Mississippi flood in 1927 supposedly highlighted the disparity between North and South</a> and <a href="http://originalpeople.org/great-mississippi-flood-of-1927/" target="_blank">the disgusting behavior of the white people toward the black people</a>.</div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-17925318915163805802019-04-26T06:00:00.000-05:002019-04-26T10:16:48.192-05:00Lake Andes Floods<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
following series of posts about flooding on the Yankton Sioux Reservation are
coauthored and written with express permission of the Yankton Sioux Tribe. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lake Andes on the Yankton
Sioux Reservation in South Dakota is flooded and the crossroads are out.
Photograph credit: Jennifer Veilleux<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">In March, a weather event referred to as a bomb
cyclone flooded the Midwest leaving people stranded, devastating farms and livestock,
and destroyed infrastructure. The punctuated precipitation and melt knocked the
Niobrara, Platte, and Missouri, and a number of other minor waterways, out of
their banks. The devastation that resulted included loss of livestock, human
casualties, inundated fields, and destroyed roads, dams, and bridges. Damaged infrastructure continues to limit movement and community connectivity to services, work, stores, and each other. Visible
destruction in the more populated areas associated with these rivers was
featured in the news, along with links to climate change, and speculation about
the management of the Missouri River. Stories of how this event impacted Tribal
communities remains sparse. Impact on the Tribes is particularly important because
indigenous populations that experience economic and political disparity (<a href="https://jveilleux.blogspot.com/2016/12/income-maps-of-native-americans-living.html" target="_blank">as demonstrated in county maps of economic disparity between individuals and households identifying as Native American and individuals and households identifying as Caucasian non-Hispanic that Dr. Candice Landry and I created in 2016</a>) are experiencing compromised services, complicated and inadequate emergency response,
stifled communications, and disrupted transportation from the flooding that can continue for
months or even years after a natural disaster hits, and after similar issues in non-Native communities gets resolved. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">This post, and the posts to follow will be about
one such tribal community that lives and works on the banks of the Missouri
River in southeast South Dakota. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Figure 2 Lake Andes on the
Yankton Sioux Reservation in South Dakota is managed by US Fish and Wildlife
Service under the Department of the Interior. © 2019 Jennifer Veilleux<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lake Andes is a freshwater lake within
Ihanktonwan Territory (the land of the friendly people) otherwise known as the <a href="https://www.yanktonsiouxtribe.net/" target="_blank">Yankton Sioux Tribe</a>’s Reservation
in South Dakota. There are mixed communities of Dakota and non-Native people
living on the lakeshore and near to the lake in the town of Lake Andes
(population 819 by the sign). To explain why there are non-Natives who own land
within tribal boundaries is to get into a history of <a href="https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-4-alliances-and-conflicts/topic-2-sitting-bulls-people/section-3-treaties-fort-laramie-1851-1868" target="_blank">treaty violating</a>
legislation approved by the US Congress since the 1850s that promotes occupation
of farm- and ranch-land by non-Natives in order to erase and assimilate the
indigenous people, their culture and lifeways, and replace with the Euro-centric idea of land and water
use and management. F</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 18px;">or the purposes of this article, t</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">his is a simplified description of a complicated and violent theory of </span><a href="https://globalsocialtheory.org/concepts/settler-colonialism/" style="font-family: times; font-size: 13.5pt;" target="_blank">settler-colonialism </a><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">that continues today. The local
word for this genocidal occupation is referred to as </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i>allotments </i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Act" target="_blank">(Dawes Act)</a> resulting in </span><i style="font-family: times; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="https://iltf.org/land-issues/issues/" target="_blank">checkboarding</a></i><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">, because the land was carved
up, and allocated, in squares, which, on a map, look like a checkerboard. (More about this ugly history can be found online and through journal articles by indigenous scholars using these key terms.) This digression is to say that while the
lake occurs within the Yankton Sioux Tribe Reservation, jurisdictions,
responsibilities, economic investment, and communities are diverse, overlap, and can be confusing.</span></div>
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Figure 3 Road Closed signs
dot the Yankton Sioux Tribe’s Reservation, such as on state highway 18 above,
limiting access to the town of Lake Andes indefinitely. Photograph credit:
Jennifer Veilleux<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">Driving into the town of Lake Andes on state
highway 18/281, one is confronted with a sign that states Road Closed. Just
beyond the sign, it is possible to see that Lake Andes has overtopped the road
for such a distance that chancing the drive would be foolish. The water flows
quite actively out of the lake, over the road, and into a gully, and against a
housing development, locally called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Public_and_Indian_Housing" target="_blank">Indian Housing</a> or just 'housing', where
families are experiencing flooded basements and yards. There is tell of an old
manmade tunnel that is meant to funnel water miles away to the Missouri River
and I visited the outlet of that tunnel, a metal pipe about 5 feet in diameter, on the other side of Lake Andes where
scores of fishing birds including pelicans, cormorants, egrets, ducks, and even
a few great blue herons are fishing in the turbulent waters. Corpses of large fish dot the dirt road where either the water overtopped and left them stranded or pelicans decided they were no good for eating and dropped them. The history of the
lake management is complicated, somehow involving the State of South Dakota and the Tribe, but today the lake is managed <a href="https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Lake_Andes/about.html" target="_blank">as a wildlife refuge by the US Fish and Wildlife Services under the Department of Interior.</a> The management and authority responsible for that tunnel as an outlet for the lake to the Missouri is more unclear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Figure 4 Local playground on
the shore of Lake Andes within the Yankton Sioux Tribe’s Reservation is
underwater. © 2019 Jennifer Veilleux<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;">A drive along the west side of the lake you
encounter an inundated playground and turning north, there are two impassable
dirt roads built across the lake. If you want to get around the flooding, there
are poorly maintained dirt roads up over the hills, and cars like mine get
their undercarriages torn up making the drive. The tribal transportation still
shuttles the casino employees, but service is limited by the detours. And
there is as of yet no visible solution to the flooding, no sandbagging, no
crews out working to dam the water. When the water recedes the erosion and
subsidence shifting to the infrastructure will have be assessed. In fact, on a walk out along the sidewalk/bikepath that leads along the highway out to housing today, before the pavement disappears under the water it is clear to see that the whole thing is undercut and is crumbling. This sort of destruction is
already visible in other areas across the reservation where the water and ice
destabilized bridges and shifted or wrecked roadways. Roads are currently impassable, bridges are unsound, and people are having to detour tens of miles to get
to work, to the doctor, to stores and food. Road closed signs dot the landscape
across the Reservation. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i>The next post will feature damage from flooding to people's personal property and why that is different in Indian Country.</i></span></div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-56279317204822727682019-04-21T17:26:00.000-05:002019-04-24T22:35:08.054-05:00New Posts - Missouri River Basin 2019<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hello All - it has been a minute since I have maintained this blog on the regular. In the next weeks I will post a series of stories centered on the flooding in the midwest, in the Missouri River Basin.<br />
<br />
I am currently living within the Yankton Sioux Tribe's Reservation in a town called Lake Andes. The stories will start right here, in Lake Andes, South Dakota. Lake Andes is the name of a town and a lake, and the lake itself has overtopped it's banks and made state highways and roads impassable. The water table is so high that local basements are flooding. I heard that a local sump pump seller sold 2300 pumps last week during the blizzard. We have more rain coming. And the spring melts are on their way from upstream.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTEVQ2wZKZkNNMNuXvgN06yJIIOCBvywF4-folmD0ycRzDTgXoRPBSwk_KhC17nplNwjClDEiVsnwpjc-IpbKIUNlfU6Vf3jSFbL37WF4p8fnVWXf3JFfDWYK_PZilSitXj_Gm9zYsRnk/s1600/SD_19_LABlizzard_Roadclosed_lr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTEVQ2wZKZkNNMNuXvgN06yJIIOCBvywF4-folmD0ycRzDTgXoRPBSwk_KhC17nplNwjClDEiVsnwpjc-IpbKIUNlfU6Vf3jSFbL37WF4p8fnVWXf3JFfDWYK_PZilSitXj_Gm9zYsRnk/s400/SD_19_LABlizzard_Roadclosed_lr.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Highway 281 is closed due to flooding just east of Lake Andes, South Dakota © 2019 Jennifer Veilleux</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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These personal stories and what is happening locally connects with the bigger picture of the region, the basin, and the country.<br />
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The stories and photographs I will share are about people's connection with water. This region experiences flood and drought and everything in between. Water is critical, as we all know well, but this place is also critical for USA food production. Certainly the floods this winter and spring are going to impact food prices because of challenges to production that the waters have brought to the soils, animals, and equipment.<br />
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-59238512726605358462018-05-16T12:30:00.000-05:002018-05-16T12:30:59.917-05:00New Global Water-related Terrorism Analysis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Some months ago, my colleague and I decided to expand our understanding of framing water as a weapon throughout time and space. To keep the investigation simple, we landed on a specific group of organizations that are understood to use water as a weapon - terrorist organizations - and we found a reliable global database of terrorist incidents to isolate those related to water - <a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/" target="_blank">the Global Terrorism Database</a> - to analyze. We found some interesting results from our efforts, including terrorist incidents involving water that occur over the timespan of the database (1970-2016) as well as incidents in 71 countries and water-related terror tactics used by 124 identified terror organizations.<br />
<br />
New Security Beat picked up the story about our paper and <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2018/05/global-analysis-finds-water-related-terrorism-rise/" target="_blank">published our summary earlier this month.</a> The publication is forthcoming.<br />
<a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/blog-columns/guest-contributor/" style="color: white; font-family: Lato, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">GUEST CONTRIBUTOR</a><br />
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New Global Analysis Finds Water-Related Terrorism Is On the Rise</h3>
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<em><span class="date" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("../images/bg-divider-green.png"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 0px; background-repeat: repeat-y; background-size: initial; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px 9px 3px 0px;">May 8, 2018</span> By <a class="url fn" href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/author/jveilleux/" rel="author" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Posts by Jennifer Veilleux">Jennifer Veilleux</a> & <a class="url fn" href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/author/sdinar/" rel="author" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Posts by Shlomi Dinar">Shlomi Dinar</a></em></div>
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<a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia.jpg" rel="attachment wp-att-72106" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Water Collection Somalia" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-72106" height="429" sizes="(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px" src="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia.jpg" srcset="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia-199x132.jpg 199w, https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia-574x382.jpg 574w, https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Water-Collection-Somalia.jpg 645w" style="border-style: none; clear: both; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="645" /></a></div>
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In 2014, after losing a number of Somalian cities it had captured to African Union and Somali troops, the terrorist group Al-Shabaab changed its tactics. To demonstrate its continued power and presence, <a href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-08/how-al-shabaab-using-water-tool-terrorism" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Al-Shabaab cut off water supplies</a> to its formerly held cities. Residents from these cut-off cities were forced to fetch water from nearby towns, many of which Al-Shabaab controlled. But the terror group prevented anyone living in government-controlled territory from entering, which increased people’s frustration with the government.<span id="more-72086"></span></div>
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Attacking water is not a new terror tactic. Thirty decades earlier, in the midst of Peru’s economic crisis and failed agrarian reforms, the leftist group <a href="http://www.fess-global.org/Publications/Other/FollowWater-EmergingIssue_of_Climate_Change%20_Conflic_Peru.pdf" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Shining Path destroyed precious water infrastructure</a>, along with bridges and electrical systems. More recently, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took control of <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/islamic-state-uses-syrias-biggest-dam-as-rampart-and-potential-weapon-1453333531" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Tabqa (2013)</a> and <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2015.1125835" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Mosul (2014)</a> dams, spurring fears the dams would fail and disrupt water flows and hydropower generation.</div>
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To better understand incidents like these, we launched a study to codify, quantify, and conduct a geospatial analysis of water-related terrorism. Using the <a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Global Terrorism Database</a>, which includes more than 170,000 terrorism incidents from 1970-2016, we developed a method to codify types of water-related terrorism. Using this method, we found 675 water-related incidents in 71 countries, conducted by 124 known terrorist organizations, and resulting in approximately 3,400 dead or wounded people. Contrary to the belief that terrorists typically use water as a weapon, we found that the most common target of water-related terrorism was water infrastructure: the pipes, dams, weirs, levees, and treatment plants associated with water storage, treatment, and delivery. Terrorists target infrastructure to inconvenience government authorities, influence populations, and cripple corporations.</div>
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<strong>On the Rise, But Not Everywhere</strong></h3>
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While water-related terrorism is not new, it is on the rise, increasing 263 percent from 1970 to 2016, according to our analysis. The highest concentration of incidents—68 percent—occurred in the post-9/11 era, while 18 percent took place during the Cold War period and 13 percent in the post-Cold War period.</div>
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These incidents are not evenly distributed: more than 80 events took place in Pakistan, more than 65 incidents took place in India, more than 60 in Colombia, more than 55 in Iraq, and more than 40 in Peru. South Asia had more incidents—more than 200—than any other region.</div>
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The terror organizations with the highest number of incidents include ISIL, the Taliban, Colombia’s FARC, and the Shining Path. Shining Path and ISIL both favor attacking water infrastructure, which is consistent with the overall target pattern we found. The Taliban targets people associated with water resources, such as dam security guards and <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/Afghan_Cabinet_Minister_Escapes_Taliban_Attack/1837356.html" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Afghanistan’s minister for energy and water</a>, who it attempted to assassinate in 2009. It also has the highest proportion of “water as a weapon” incidents, close to 20 percent, in which water is used to <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/17/world/afghanistan-girls-poisoned/index.html)." style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">poison</a> or drown people, or <a href="http://www.timesherald.com/article/JR/20120725/NEWS05/120729729" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">water sources are ground zero for detonating bombs</a>.</div>
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FARC targeted oil infrastructure, which then contaminated water resources that sometimes supplied drinking water. For example, in 2015, FARC bombed the Tansandio pipeline, releasing 10,000 barrels of oil into Colombia’s Mira River. As a result, <a href="http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/89" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">150,000 people lost their access to water</a> in the country’s most severe environmental disaster to date.</div>
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<strong>Future Studies, Future Threats</strong></h3>
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Going forward, we intend to look more extensively at the regions with the highest number of incidents, and examine related transboundary watersheds. We will also look at downstream communities where the population is highly dependent on surface water, and countries with extensive water development infrastructure.</div>
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Water-related terrorism can strain efforts to manage transboundary watersheds already plagued by weak governing institutions and uncoordinated water development, posing an additional threat alongside their existing climatic, economic, social, and political challenges.</div>
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These threats could be especially challenging in transboundary watersheds where attacks on upstream water infrastructure impact downstream countries. In the Amazon River basin, for example, Brazil may suffer consequences of Peru’s Shining Path attacks on the infrastructure in the Andean region headwaters—and have no official recourse. None of the current treaties or international water agreements on the Amazon include language about how to respond to terrorism.</div>
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Finally, terrorist attacks on water infrastructure pose a particular threat to highly developed rivers and waterways, where computer systems control the flow of water through dams and other water infrastructure. For example, in 2016, the U.S. Justice Department announced that an Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps had <a href="http://time.com/4270728/iran-cyber-attack-dam-fbi/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">hacked into the control system</a> of a small dam north of New York City. While this attack was not successful (and even if it had been, the consequences would’ve been limited), a cyberattack on the dams along the Columbia or Missouri rivers, for example, could wipe out millions of people downstream. </div>
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<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jennifer_Veilleux" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><em>Jennifer Veilleux</em></strong></a><em> is a geographer and water scientist currently serving as a postdoctoral associate with the Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). Her research and scholarship focus on different scales of global water security issues impacted by development policy and climate change.</em></div>
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<a href="https://pir.fiu.edu/people/faculty-1/faculty/shlomi-dinar/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;"><strong><em>Shlomi Dinar</em></strong></a><em> is Associate Dean for Graduate Studies and Innovation in the Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs and Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Florida International University.</em></div>
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<em>Sources: CNN, Global Terrorism Database, Public Radio International, Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Stanford University, The Times Herald, Time, U.S. Agency for International Development, Wall Street Journal, The Washington Quarterly</em></div>
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<em>Photo Credit: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/au_unistphotostream/14700908410/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">A man collects water from a well in Garbahaarey town in the Gedo region of Somalia, August 2014</a>, courtesy of AMISOM Public Information.</em></div>
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<span style="color: #010101;">Topics:</span> <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/conflict/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">conflict</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/main/development/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">development</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/main/environment/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">environment</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/environmental-security/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">environmental security</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/main/featured/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">featured</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/blog-columns/guest-contributor/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Guest Contributor</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/zzzz-countries/iraq/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Iraq</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/natural-resources/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">natural resources</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/main/security/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">security</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/zzzz-countries/somalia/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">Somalia</a>, <a href="https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/category/water/" style="color: #5c9b4f; text-decoration-line: none;">water</a></div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-81055490914323989162018-03-22T17:53:00.002-05:002018-03-22T17:53:33.897-05:00Speaking Engagement in South Florida 23 March<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-25613685442624318752017-12-29T11:59:00.000-06:002017-12-29T11:59:26.665-06:00My new publication on human and water rights violation of hydrofracking in the United States<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
It has been awhile since I've posted. For the end of the year I am happy to share <a href="https://www.blogger.com/Skip%20to%20content%20ABOUT%20USCURATIONSVIDEOSBOOKSEVENTSCONTACT%20USSUPPORT%20US%20CENTER%20FOR%20HUMANS%20&%20NATURE%20%20Expanding%20Our%20Natural%20&%20Civic%20Imagination%20%20Resilient%20Future%20QUESTIONS%20City%20Creatures%20BLOG%20Minding%20Nature%20JOURNAL%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20Question:%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20View%20Question%20Background%20Contributor%20Response%20(All%20Responses)%20WATER%20SECURITY%20VS.%20ENERGY%20INDEPENDENCE:%20A%20CASE%20OF%20US%20HUMAN%20RIGHTS%20By:%20Jennifer%20Veilleux%C2%B71,677%20Words%C2%B70%20Comments%20In%20late%202016,%20I%20attended%20government-to-government%20meetings%20in%20Rapid%20City,%20South%20Dakota,%20between%20several%20Plains%20Tribal%20Government%20representatives%20and%20US%20Federal%20Government%20officials.%20I%20listened%20to%20a%20tribal%20elder%20testify%20that%20her%20young%20grandson%20was%20hospitalized%20with%20an%20E.%20coli%20infection%20caused%20by%20hydraulic%20fracturing%20water%20contamination%20in%20her%20community%20in%20Oklahoma.%20Hydraulic%20fracturing,%20she%20said,%20had%20created%20fractures%20in%20land%20already%20polluted%20with%20agricultural%20waste,%20and%20those%20fractures%20allowed%20the%20waste%20to%20permeate%20into%20her%20community%E2%80%99s%20drinking%20water%20supplies.%20In%20Oklahoma,%20this%20is%20not%20an%20isolated%20case%20of%20human%20health%20injury%20from%20compromised%20water%20security%20due%20to%20the%20extraction%20industry.%20I%20attended%20the%20meetings%20on%20invitation%20from%20tribal%20elders%20I%20met%20at%20Standing%20Rock%20the%20month%20before.%20I%20am%20a%20geographer%20with%20expertise%20in%20water%20security.%20Prior%20to%20visiting%20Standing%20Rock,%20and%20alarmed%20by%20the%20conflict%20happening%20in%20North%20Dakota,%20I%20assembled%20a%20volunteer%20team%20of%20academics%20to%20assess%20threats%20from%20the%20Dakota%20Access%20Pipeline%20(DAPL)%20to%20the%20Missouri%20River%20Basin%20water%20resources.%20Our%20multidisciplinary%20team%20brought%20together%20backgrounds%20in%20geography,%20hydrogeology,%20water%20law,%20demography,%20geographic%20information%20sciences%20(GIS),%20oil-spill%20modeling,%20and%20pipeline%20safety.%20We%20found%20that%20the%20construction%20of%20DAPL,%20and%20the%20fracked%20oil%20it%20is%20designed%20to%20carry%20across%20six%20states,%20poses%20a%20salient%20threat%20to%20downstream%20tribes%E2%80%94communities%20that%20are%20already%20considered%20economically%20high-risk%20population.%20We%20brought%20this%20assessment%20to%20the%20Tribes.%20The%20indigenous%20water%20protectors%20said%20%E2%80%9Cwater%20is%20life,%E2%80%9D%20and%20what%20my%20team%20found%20in%20our%20assessment%20is%20that%20water%20security%20is%20paramount%20to%20energy%20security.%20%20SHARE%20YOUR%20REFLECTIONS%20%20Leave%20a%20Comment%20STAY%20CONNECTED%20Get%20weekly%20dispatches%20with%20the%20latest%20ideas%20from%20our%20thinking%20community.%20%20%20%20Email%20Address%20Sign%20Up%20SHARE:%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Indigenous%20Women%20Leaders%20and%20Chief%20Arvol%20Looking%20Horse%20in%20Washington%20DCEnergy%20sources%20are%20interchangeable%20and%20replaceable,%20but%20there%20is%20no%20replacement%20for%20water.%20While%20fracking%20propelled%20the%20US%20oil%20and%20gas%20industry%20to%20lead%20the%20world%20in%20production%20and%20export%20under%20the%20Obama%20administration,%20the%20costs%20to%20human%20health%20and%20welfare%20are%20still%20mounting.%20Meanwhile,%20the%20heightened%20possibility%20of%20earthquakes,%20subsidence,%20collapsing%20aquifers,%20and%20contaminating%20groundwater%20present%20further%20threats%20from%20fracking%20to%20water%20security.%20In%20the%20case%20of%20DAPL,%20running%20hazardous%20material%20across%20agriculturally%20productive%20American%20lands%20and%20waterways%20is%20another%20clear%20threat.%20Less%20quantifiable%20is%20the%20threat%20from%20the%20undisclosed,%20unmonitored,%20and%20unregulated%20contents%20of%20fracking%20fluids,%20protected%20under%20the%20so-called%20Halliburton%20Loophole.%20The%20Halliburton%20Loophole%20is%20a%20provision%20in%20the%202005%20US%20Energy%20Act%20that%20exempts%20disclosure%20of%20hydrofracking%20fluids%20from%20the%20US%20Safe%20Drinking%20Water%20Act%20by%20claiming%20the%20fluids%20are%20patented.%20%20Secure%20water%20resources,%20in%20my%20line%20of%20work,%20are%20a%20basic%20human%20right.%20Therefore%20hydrofracking,%20as%20it%20is%20currently%20regulated%20and%20practiced%20in%20the%20United%20States,%20is%20a%20clear%20violation%20of%20human%20rights.%20Water%20security%20is%20a%20concept%20defined%20differently%20depending%20on%20the%20country,%20type%20of%20water%20resource,%20and%20context.%20In%20the%20case%20of%20US%20hydrofracking,%20whether%20the%20act%20of%20fracking%20or%20the%20transportation%20of%20fracked%20material,%20%20water%20security%20involves%20human%20health,%20environmental%20health,%20and%20community%20access%20to%20safe%20water.%20While%20we%20have%20existing%20legislation%20to%20ensure%20water%20security%20in%20the%20US%20Safe%20Drinking%20Water%20Act%20(SDWA),%20US%20National%20Environmental%20Protection%20Act%20(NEPA),%20and%20the%20US%20Clean%20Water%20Act,%20these%20legislations%20have%20been%20rendered%20impotent%20by%20short-sighted%20modification%20for%20industry%20exceptions%20and%20exemptions%20to%20act%20in%20violation%20of%20the%20very%20reasons%20these%20acts%20were%20promulgated.%20These%20US%20federal%20modifications%20are%20prioritizing%20energy%20independence%20over%20water%20security%20and%20food%20security%20as%20a%20matter%20of%20national%20security.%20When%20it%20comes%20to%20shared%20water%20resources,%20securitizing%20an%20issue%20in%20this%20manner%20removes%20power%20and%20agency%20from%20all%20stakeholders%20except%20for%20the%20national%20government,%20and%20in%20a%20democracy%20this%20is%20a%20recipe%20for%20resource%20conflict.%20%20One%20of%20the%20most%20prominent%20exemptions%20is%20Nation%20Wide%20Permit%2012%20(NWP12).%20DAPL%20was%20authorized%20in%20part%E2%80%94in%20violation%20of%20the%20aforementioned%20legislation%20as%20well%20as%20tribal%20treaty%20rights%E2%80%94using%20NWP12.%20NWP12%20was%20administered%20through%20the%20Department%20of%20Defense%20under%20the%20Obama%20administration%20to%20expedite%20infrastructural%20development%20of%20oil%20and%20gas%20industry%20pipelines%20in%20the%20interests%20of%20national%20security%20for%20energy%20independence.%20Using%20NWP12,%20federal%20interests%20can%20prioritize%20energy%20security%20vis-%C3%A0-vis%20the%20oil%20and%20gas%20industry%20by%20assessing%20megaprojects%20like%20the%201,174%20miles%20of%20DAPL%20using%20only%20impacts%20of%20the%20hazardous%20material%20in%201,000-foot%20segments.%20In%20geography,%20when%20a%20question%20is%20scaled%20up%20or%20down%20to%20yield%20a%20desired%20result,%20we%20call%20this%20masking.%20When%20focusing%20on%20the%20big%20scale,%20local%20impacts%20may%20be%20masked;%20and%20when%20focusing%20on%20the%20small%20scale,%20cumulative%20impacts%20may%20be%20masked.%20%20Water%20as%20an%20inherent%20human%20right%20was%20affirmed%20in%202010%20under%20the%20United%20Nations%20Resolution%2064/292,%20and%20while%20there%20is%20no%20express%20right%20to%20water%20security%20in%20the%20United%20States,%20the%20US%20Safe%20Drinking%20Water%20Act%20of%201974%20ensures%20national%20drinking%20water%20standards%20and%20the%20US%20Clean%20Water%20Act%20of%201972%20regulates%20point-source%20pollution%20entering%20our%20water%20systems,%20drinking%20or%20otherwise.[1]%20The%20US%20population%20has%20been%20lulled%20into%20a%20false%20sense%20of%20security%20about%20their%20water%20by%20the%20existence%20of%20federal%20policies%20that%20are%20bypassed%20or%20are%20unenforced%20in%20favor%20of%20industry.%20Post-9/11,%20the%20United%20States%20Federal%20Government%20prioritized%20energy%20security%20as%20national%20security%20given%20the%20geopolitics%20of%20oil.%20This%20overshadows%20attention%20to%20water%20and%20food%20security.%20Energy,%20water,%20and%20food%20are%20commonly%20referred%20to%20as%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20nexus%E2%80%9D%20in%20DC,%20but%20it%20is%20erroneous%20to%20consider%20them%20to%20be%20equally%20important.%20Water%20is%20possible%20without%20food%20or%20energy,%20but%20we%20cannot%20produce%20energy%20or%20food%20without%20water.%20%20The%20patenting%20of%20fracking%20fluids,%20the%20exemptions%20to%20the%20federal%20regulations,%20the%20defunding%20of%20water%20regulating%20and%20monitoring%20bodies,%20and%20the%20shifting%20of%20regulation%20of%20oil%20and%20gas%20to%20industry%20self-regulation%20has%20resulted%20in%20gross%20negligence%20and%20human%20and%20water%20casualties.%20This%20is%20particularly%20glaring%20in%20the%20Bakken,%20the%20geologic%20area%20in%20North%20Dakota%20where%20DAPL%20originates.%20Here,%20the%20longer-term%20economic%20burden%20of%20human%20and%20environmental%20violations%20falls%20ultimately%20to%20the%20taxpayer,%20not%20the%20corporation.%20Simultaneously,%20according%20to%20the%20US%20Department%20of%20Energy,%20in%202008%20the%20US%20surpassed%20Saudi%20Arabia%20in%20oil%20and%20gas%20production%20and%20by%202012,%20the%20US%20became%20the%20world%20leader%20surpassing%20Russia%20and%20maintains%20the%20highest%20global%20production%20levels%20today.[2]%20But%20there%20is%20a%20price%20for%20this%20domination%20in%20the%20oil%20and%20gas%20industry%20on%20our%20people,%20land,%20and%20water.%20%20Federal%20loopholes%20for%20fracking%20that%20directly%20impact%20water%20security%20are%20highlighted%20by%20the%20controversy%20at%20Standing%20Rock.%20Exempting%20the%20pipeline%20from%20NEPA%20allowed%20for%20construction%20without%20a%20comprehensive%20scientific%20assessment%20of%20impact%20(an%20Environmental%20Impact%20Statement,%20or%20EIS)%20of%20the%20entire%20project%E2%80%94just%20localized%20assessments%20were%20made.%20Any%20megaproject%20transporting%20hazardous%20waste%20across%20land%20and%20water,%20like%20this%20pipeline,%20requires%20a%20full%20EIS.%20The%20Tribes%20called%20for%20and%20were%20granted%20requirement%20of%20a%20full%20EIS%20in%20November%202016%20by%20the%20US%20Army%20Corps%20of%20Engineers%20only%20to%20have%20this%20overturned%20by%20the%20Trump%20administration%20in%20January%202017.%20The%20case%20is%20still%20tied%20up%20in%20the%20courts%20while%20fracked%20oil%20runs%20through%20the%20pipeline.%20%20Map:%20Approximate%20route%20of%20the%20Dakota%20Access%20Pipeline%20%20Water%20is%20connected%20with%20cultural%20rights%20and%20identity,%20food%20security,%20economics,%20politics,%20and%20our%20environment%20and%20critical%20ecosystems.%20And%20yet,%20in%20the%20United%20States%20of%20America%20we%20do%20not%20have%20a%20Department%20of%20Water.%20We%20do%20not%20have%20a%20National%20Water%20Commission.%20No%20one%20body%20oversees%20the%20water%20resources%20of%20our%20country%20as%20a%20total%20system.%20We%20relegate%20water%20resources%20management%20to%20states,%20utilities,%20corporations,%20private%20interests,%20and%20more%20than%20thirty%20different%20federal%20agencies.%20Similarly,%20the%20fracking%20industry%20is%20largely%20unregulated.%20While%20there%20is%20a%20federal%20agency%20that%20oversees%20natural%20gas%20infrastructure,%20there%20is%20no%20one%20agency%20that%20manages%20oil%20infrastructure.%20Water%20and%20oil%20are%20essential%20ingredients%20for%20the%20United%20States%20in%20maintaining%20its%20position%20of%20power%20on%20the%20global%20stage,%20yet%20there%20is%20no%20accountability%20for%20the%20caretaking%20of%20either%20water%20or%20oil.%20This%20lack%20of%20regulation%20coupled%20with%20a%20national%20security%20plan%20focused%20entirely%20upon%20securing%20a%20domestic%20supply%20of%20energy%20through%20fossil%20fuel%20production%20will%20continue%20to%20compromise%20the%20American%20people%E2%80%99s%20quality%20of%20life,%20health,%20and%20welfare%E2%80%94essentially,%20our%20human%20security.%20%20The%20conflict%20is%20clear.%20The%20industry%20is%20extracting%20in%20an%20unregulated%20and%20unsafe%20manner.%20Common%20citizens%20now%20do%20not%20know%20if%20they%20can%20trust%20their%20water%20supply,%20and%20they%20do%20not%20have%20clear%20pathways%20to%20those%20in%20power%20to%20get%20their%20questions%20answered%20or%20to%20change%20their%20level%20of%20risk%20and%20exposure.%20That%20alone%20is%20causing%20a%20destabilization%20of%20people%E2%80%99s%20sense%20of%20security.%20Treaties%20are%20being%20violated.%20There%20is%20little%20to%20no%20corporate%20accountability.%20These%20conflicts%20are%20not%20just%20a%20matter%20of%20concern%20for%20human%20rights%20and%20water%20security%20in%20this%20present%20moment,%20they%20are%20destabilizing%20the%20sustainability%20of%20our%20way%20of%20life,%20or%20put%20in%20the%20words%20of%20the%20Tribes:%20this%20is%20a%20concern%20for%20generations%20to%20come.%20This%20includes%20real%20security%20issues%20related%20to%20earthquakes%20and%20subsidence%20caused%20by%20unregulated%20fracking%20activity%20along%20with%20cancer-clusters%20and%20E.%20coli%20outbreaks%20related%20to%20contaminated%20water%20supplies.%20Additionally,%20there%20are%20security%20concerns%20regarding%20the%20loss%20of%20viable%20land%20and%20water%20due%20to%20leaks%20and%20spills,%20and%20land%20and%20water%20loss%20due%20to%20salinization%20cannot%20be%20reversed.%20%20The%20story%20of%20hydrofracking%20threats%20to%20human%20rights%20is%20inextricably%20tied%20to%20water%20security%20and%20water%20rights.%20Water%20rights%20are%20human%20rights.%20Secure,%20abundant%20water%20is%20a%20fundamental%20aspect%20of%20our%20way%20of%20life%20in%20the%20United%20States.%20The%20active%20violation%20of%20water%20and%20environmental%20protections%20are%20adding%20to%20the%20already%20myriad%20challenges%20that%20water%20managers%20face%20due%20to%20climate%20change,%20which%20impacts%20precipitation%20and%20storage%20in%20snowpack,%20local%20corruption,%20increasing%20demand,%20and%20poorly%20executed%20and%20aging%20infrastructure.%20Without%20safe,%20secure%20water%20resources,%20our%20country%20will%20no%20longer%20enjoy%20food%20security,%20essentially%20food%20self-sufficiency.%20And%20while%20we%20can%20boast%20energy%20independence,%20I%20am%20not%20at%20all%20convinced%20of%20the%20value%20of%20this%20trade-off.%20%20Author%E2%80%99s%20note:%20%20Although%20President%20Trump%20signed%20for%20the%20allowance%20of%20continued%20drilling%20and%20commissioning%20of%20the%20DAPL,%20recent%20federal%20court%20decisions%20in%20favor%20of%20the%20Tribes%20have%20called%20the%20environmental%20impact%20of%20the%20pipeline%20into%20question.%20The%20conflict%20is%20not%20resolved.%20%20I%20am%20grateful%20for%20and%20would%20like%20to%20acknowledge%20the%20tireless%20work%20of%20indigenous%20tribal%20leadership,%20particularly%20Chief%20Arvol%20Looking%20Horse,%20Paula%20Horne,%20Faith%20Spotted%20Eagle,%20Casey%20Camp,%20Judith%20LeBlanc,%20and%20Sharon%20Day%20for%20addressing%20these%20critical%20matters%20to%20safeguard%20their%20own%20homelands%20as%20well%20as%20access%20to%20safe%20and%20secure%20waters%20and%20lands%20for%20the%20rest%20of%20mother%20nature%20and%20the%20people%20of%20the%20United%20States.%20I%20would%20also%20like%20to%20acknowledge%20the%20team%20of%20professionals%20who%20worked%20on%20the%20Missouri%20River%20Water%20Security%20analysis.%20%20NOTES%20(show)%20[1]%20United%20Nations%20General%20Assembly.%20(2010).%20The%20Human%20Right%20to%20Water%20and%20Sanitation.%20Adopted%20by%20the%20General%20Assembly%20August%203,%202010.%20A/RES/64/292.%20Retrieved%20November%2021,%202017,%20from%20http://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=A/RES/64/292&lang=E;%20The%20Public%20Health%20Service%20Act:%20Safety%20of%20public%20water%20systems%20(Safe%20Drinking%20Water%20Act).%20(1986).%20Title%20XIV.%20%C2%A7%C2%A7300f%20%E2%80%93%20300k.%20Retrieved%20November%2021,%202017,%20from%20%20%20https://www.epa.gov/sdwa;%20U.S.%20Environmental%20Protection%20Agency.%20(n.d.)%20Summary%20of%20the%20Clean%20Water%20Act.%20Retrieved%20November%2021,%202017,%20from%20https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act%20%20[2]%20U.S.%20Energy%20Information%20Administration.%20(2016).%20United%20States%20Remains%20Largest%20Producer%20of%20Petroleum%20and%20Natural%20Gas%20Hydrocarbons.%20Today%20in%20Energy.%20Retrieved%20November%2021,%202017,%20from%20https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=26352%20%20Image%20Credits%20%20Photo:%20Indigenous%20Elder%20leadership%20in%20Washington,%20DC%20during%20People%27s%20Climate%20Change%20March%202017.%20Photo%20by%20Jennifer%20Veilleux.%20%20Map:%20Approximate%20route%20of%20the%20Dakota%20Access%20Pipeline%E2%80%94a%201174-mile%20pipeline%20built%20to%20transport%20fracked%20oil%20from%20the%20Bakken%20region%20of%20North%20Dakota%20to%20processing%20at%20one%20of%20several%20refineries%20in%20the%20Midwest%20or%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico.%20Map%20from%20the%20Women%27s%20Action%20Research%20Network%20(WARN),%20courtesy%20of%20the%20Jennifer%20Veilleux.%20%20%20Jennifer%20Veilleux%20JENNIFER%20VEILLEUX%20Post-doctoral%20Associate%20%E2%80%93%20Steven%20J.%20Green%20School%20for%20International%20and%20Public%20Affairs%20at%20Florida%20International%20University%20Jennifer%20Veilleux%20is%20a%20geographer%20focused%20on%20the%20water%20security%20of%20international%20rivers.%20In%20addition%20to%20scholarship,%20Veilleux%20uses%20maps,%20infographics,%20photography,%20and%20satellite%20imagery%20through%20social%20media%20to%20highlight%20spatial%20relationships%20of%20environmental%20justice%20and%20human%20rights%20issues%20as%20relates%20to%20water.%20%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20%20PREV%20%C2%B7%20ALL%20RESPONSES%20%C2%B7%20NEXT%20%20RELATED%20CONTENT:%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20Time%20to%20Choose:%20Violate%20the%20Earth,%20or%20Create%20a%20Respectful%20Energy%20Future?%20Linda%20Sheehan%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20Which%20human%20rights?%20Anna%20Grear%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20Higher%20Ground:%20Protecting%20Human%20Rights%20as%20the%20Climate%20Crisis%20Forces%20Coastal%20Retreat%20Robin%20Bronen%20Does%20fracking%20violate%20human%20rights?%20How%20to%20Be%20Better%20Ancestors%20Winona%20LaDuke%20What%20do%20you%20think?%20We%20encourage%20you%20to%20share%20your%20voice:%20Sign%20in%20with%20Disqus%20or%20your%20favorite%20social%20media%20account.%20Or%20you%20can%20use%20Disqus%20as%20a%20guest.%20%20%20Humans%20&%20Nature%20ASKING%20QUESTIONS,%20INSPIRING%20CHANGE%20We%20share%20ideas%20that%20foster%20a%20socially%20and%20ecologically%20interconnected%20world.%20%20About%20Us%20%20STAY%20CONNECTED%20Get%20weekly%20dispatches%20with%20the%20latest%20ideas%20from%20our%20thinking%20community.%20%20%20%20Sign%20Up%20Facebook%20%20Twitter%20%20instagram%20%20YouTube%20Contact%20%C2%B7%20Privacy%20Policy%20%C2%B7%20Terms%20of%20Use%20%C2%B7%20Chicago%20Web%20Design%20%C2%B7Copyright%20%C2%A9%202017%20Center%20for%20Humans%20&%20Nature.%20All%20Rights%20Reserved%20Board%20Member" target="_blank">a new article I wrote on the human rights violation of policy changes in the United States to favor energy independence over water and human rights protection.</a> I am grateful to the Center for Humans and Nature for providing this platform. Please feel free to leave me any feedback.<br />
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WATER SECURITY VS. ENERGY INDEPENDENCE: A CASE OF US HUMAN RIGHTS</h1>
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In late 2016, I attended government-to-government meetings in Rapid City, South Dakota, between several Plains Tribal Government representatives and US Federal Government officials. I listened to a tribal elder testify that her young grandson was hospitalized with an E. coli infection caused by hydraulic fracturing water contamination in her community in Oklahoma. Hydraulic fracturing, she said, had created fractures in land already polluted with agricultural waste, and those fractures allowed the waste to permeate into her community’s drinking water supplies. In Oklahoma, this is not an isolated case of human health injury from compromised water security due to the extraction industry.</h4>
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I attended the meetings on invitation from tribal elders I met at Standing Rock the month before. I am a geographer with expertise in water security. Prior to visiting Standing Rock, and alarmed by the conflict happening in North Dakota, I assembled a volunteer team of academics to assess threats from the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) to the Missouri River Basin water resources. Our multidisciplinary team brought together backgrounds in geography, hydrogeology, water law, demography, geographic information sciences (GIS), oil-spill modeling, and pipeline safety. We found that the construction of DAPL, and the fracked oil it is designed to carry across six states, poses a salient threat to downstream tribes—communities that are already considered economically high-risk population. We brought this assessment to the Tribes. The indigenous water protectors said “water is life,” and what my team found in our assessment is that water security is paramount to energy security. </h4>
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<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#img_credit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;"><img alt="Indigenous Women Leaders and Chief Arvol Looking Horse in Washington DC" class="aligncenter" height="466" src="https://www.humansandnature.org/filebin/images/response_photos/fracking/Veilleux_image.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 3px, rgba(2, 3, 3, 0.15) 0px 2px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 15px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Indigenous Women Leaders and Chief Arvol Looking Horse" width="700" /></a>Energy sources are interchangeable and replaceable, but there is no replacement for water. While fracking propelled the US oil and gas industry to lead the world in production and export under the Obama administration, the costs to human health and welfare are still mounting. Meanwhile, the heightened possibility of earthquakes, subsidence, collapsing aquifers, and contaminating groundwater present further threats from fracking to water security. In the case of DAPL, running hazardous material across agriculturally productive American lands and waterways is another clear threat. Less quantifiable is the threat from the undisclosed, unmonitored, and unregulated contents of fracking fluids, protected under the so-called Halliburton Loophole. The Halliburton Loophole is a provision in the 2005 US Energy Act that exempts disclosure of hydrofracking fluids from the US Safe Drinking Water Act by claiming the fluids are patented.</div>
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Secure water resources, in my line of work, are a basic human right. Therefore hydrofracking, as it is currently regulated and practiced in the United States, is a clear violation of human rights. Water security is a concept defined differently depending on the country, type of water resource, and context. In the case of US hydrofracking, whether the act of fracking or the transportation of fracked material, water security involves human health, environmental health, and community access to safe water. While we have existing legislation to ensure water security in the US Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), US National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), and the US Clean Water Act, these legislations have been rendered impotent by short-sighted modification for industry exceptions and exemptions to act in violation of the very reasons these acts were promulgated. These US federal modifications are prioritizing energy independence over water security and food security as a matter of national security. When it comes to shared water resources, securitizing an issue in this manner removes power and agency from all stakeholders except for the national government, and in a democracy this is a recipe for resource conflict.</div>
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One of the most prominent exemptions is Nation Wide Permit 12 (NWP12). DAPL was authorized in part—in violation of the aforementioned legislation as well as tribal treaty rights—using NWP12. NWP12 was administered through the Department of Defense under the Obama administration to expedite infrastructural development of oil and gas industry pipelines in the interests of national security for energy independence. Using NWP12, federal interests can prioritize energy security vis-à-vis the oil and gas industry by assessing megaprojects like the 1,174 miles of DAPL using only impacts of the hazardous material in 1,000-foot segments. In geography, when a question is scaled up or down to yield a desired result, we call this masking. When focusing on the big scale, local impacts may be masked; and when focusing on the small scale, cumulative impacts may be masked.</div>
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Water as an inherent human right was affirmed in 2010 under the United Nations Resolution 64/292, and while there is no express right to water security in the United States, the US Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 ensures <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="txt_1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.5s ease;"></a>national drinking water standards and the US Clean Water Act of 1972 regulates point-source pollution entering our water systems, drinking or otherwise.<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#ftn_1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;">[1]</a> The US population has been lulled into a false sense of security about their water by the existence of federal policies that are bypassed or are unenforced in favor of industry. Post-9/11, the United States Federal Government prioritized energy security as national security given the geopolitics of oil. This overshadows attention to water and food security. Energy, water, and food are commonly referred to as “the nexus” in DC, but it is erroneous to consider them to be equally important. Water is possible without food or energy, but we cannot produce energy or food without water.</div>
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The patenting of fracking fluids, the exemptions to the federal regulations, the defunding of water regulating and monitoring bodies, and the shifting of regulation of oil and gas to industry self-regulation has resulted in gross negligence and human and water casualties. This is particularly glaring in the Bakken, the geologic area in North Dakota where DAPL originates. Here, the longer-term economic burden of human and environmental violations falls ultimately to the taxpayer, not the corporation. Simultaneously, according to the US Department of Energy, in 2008 the US surpassed <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="txt_2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.5s ease;"></a>Saudi Arabia in oil and gas production and by 2012, the US became the world leader surpassing Russia and maintains the highest global production levels today.<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#ftn_2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;">[2]</a> But there is a price for this domination in the oil and gas industry on our people, land, and water.</div>
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Federal loopholes for fracking that directly impact water security are highlighted by the controversy at Standing Rock. Exempting the pipeline from NEPA allowed for construction without a comprehensive scientific assessment of impact (an Environmental Impact Statement, or EIS) of the entire project—just localized assessments were made. Any megaproject transporting hazardous waste across land and water, like this pipeline, requires a full EIS. The Tribes called for and were granted requirement of a full EIS in November 2016 by the US Army Corps of Engineers only to have this overturned by the Trump administration in January 2017. The case is still tied up in the courts while fracked oil runs through the pipeline.</div>
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<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#img_credit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;"><img alt="Map: Approximate route of the Dakota Access Pipeline" class="aligncenter" height="495" src="https://www.humansandnature.org/filebin/images/response_photos/fracking/Veilleux_map.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 3px, rgba(2, 3, 3, 0.15) 0px 2px 2px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 15px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Map: Approximate route of the Dakota Access Pipeline" width="700" /></a></div>
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Water is connected with cultural rights and identity, food security, economics, politics, and our environment and critical ecosystems. And yet, in the United States of America we do not have a Department of Water. We do not have a National Water Commission. No one body oversees the water resources of our country as a total system. We relegate water resources management to states, utilities, corporations, private interests, and more than thirty different federal agencies. Similarly, the fracking industry is largely unregulated. While there is a federal agency that oversees natural gas infrastructure, there is no one agency that manages oil infrastructure. Water and oil are essential ingredients for the United States in maintaining its position of power on the global stage, yet there is no accountability for the caretaking of either water or oil. This lack of regulation coupled with a national security plan focused entirely upon securing a domestic supply of energy through fossil fuel production will continue to compromise the American people’s quality of life, health, and welfare—essentially, our human security.</div>
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The conflict is clear. The industry is extracting in an unregulated and unsafe manner. Common citizens now do not know if they can trust their water supply, and they do not have clear pathways to those in power to get their questions answered or to change their level of risk and exposure. That alone is causing a destabilization of people’s sense of security. Treaties are being violated. There is little to no corporate accountability. These conflicts are not just a matter of concern for human rights and water security in this present moment, they are destabilizing the sustainability of our way of life, or put in the words of the Tribes: this is a concern for generations to come. This includes real security issues related to earthquakes and subsidence caused by unregulated fracking activity along with cancer-clusters and E. coli outbreaks related to contaminated water supplies. Additionally, there are security concerns regarding the loss of viable land and water due to leaks and spills, and land and water loss due to salinization cannot be reversed.</div>
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The story of hydrofracking threats to human rights is inextricably tied to water security and water rights. Water rights are human rights. Secure, abundant water is a fundamental aspect of our way of life in the United States. The active violation of water and environmental protections are adding to the already myriad challenges that water managers face due to climate change, which impacts precipitation and storage in snowpack, local corruption, increasing demand, and poorly executed and aging infrastructure. Without safe, secure water resources, our country will no longer enjoy food security, essentially food self-sufficiency. And while we can boast energy independence, I am not at all convinced of the value of this trade-off.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Author’s note:</em></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Although President Trump signed for the allowance of continued drilling and commissioning of the DAPL, recent federal court decisions in favor of the Tribes have called the environmental impact of the pipeline into question. The conflict is not resolved.</em></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I am grateful for and would like to acknowledge the tireless work of indigenous tribal leadership, particularly Chief Arvol Looking Horse, Paula Horne, Faith Spotted Eagle, Casey Camp, Judith LeBlanc, and Sharon Day for addressing these critical matters to safeguard their own homelands as well as access to safe and secure waters and lands for the rest of mother nature and the people of the United States. I would also like to acknowledge the team of professionals who worked on the Missouri River Water Security analysis.</em></div>
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<a class="citationsLink citation-show" href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; font-family: museo-sans-condensed, sans-serif; font-weight: 900; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase; transition: all 0.5s ease;">NOTES</a> <span class="showMoreLink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(<a class="citation-show" href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;">show</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#txt_1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;">[1]</a> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ftn_1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.5s ease;"></a>United Nations General Assembly. (2010). The Human Right to Water and Sanitation. Adopted by the General Assembly August 3, 2010. A/RES/64/292. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from <a href="http://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=A/RES/64/292&lang=E" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;" target="_blank">http://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=A/RES/64/292&lang=E</a>; The Public Health Service Act: Safety of public water systems (Safe Drinking Water Act). (1986). Title XIV. §§300f – 300k. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from</div>
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<a href="https://www.epa.gov/sdwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;" target="_blank">https://www.epa.gov/sdwa</a>; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.) Summary of the Clean Water Act. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from <a href="https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;" target="_blank">https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/water-security-vs-energy-independence#txt_2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;">[2]</a> U.S.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ftn_2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.5s ease;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ftn_2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.5s ease;"></a> Energy Information Administration. (2016). United States Remains Largest Producer of Petroleum and Natural Gas Hydrocarbons. <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Today in Energy</em>. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=26352" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5693bf; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.5s ease;" target="_blank">https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=26352</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Photo: </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Indigenous Elder leadership in Washington, DC during People's Climate Change March 2017. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Photo by Jennifer Veilleux.</span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Map: Approximate route of the Dakota Access Pipeline—a 1174-mile pipeline built to transport fracked oil from the Bakken region of North Dakota to processing at one of several refineries in the Midwest or the Gulf of Mexico. Map from the Women's Action Research Network (WARN), courtesy of the Jennifer Veilleux.</span></div>
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Jennifer Veilleux is a geographer focused on the water security of international rivers. In addition to scholarship, Veilleux uses maps, infographics, photography, and satellite imagery through social media to highlight spatial relationships of environmental justice and human rights issues as relates to water.</div>
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Does fracking violate human rights?</h3>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-42765393089463463202017-07-30T14:03:00.000-05:002017-07-30T14:04:10.679-05:00I will be taking part in 12 to See Exhibition at ArtServe in Fort Lauderdale<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2jjgB3YFmJiYItFpKIFej-RI_Rlk4uPdcXOElTZBSWCbfueN47_MwaYW_bz02R_yB_Pbjt8aW-ZpNRRB40qhJoEngLwYx3sWLE5-CBRPkHzb6461MZTsAtKLwrMcH-3X3B-PKU6ZtL4/s1600/12+to+See+Veilleux.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2jjgB3YFmJiYItFpKIFej-RI_Rlk4uPdcXOElTZBSWCbfueN47_MwaYW_bz02R_yB_Pbjt8aW-ZpNRRB40qhJoEngLwYx3sWLE5-CBRPkHzb6461MZTsAtKLwrMcH-3X3B-PKU6ZtL4/s400/12+to+See+Veilleux.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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I will participate in the 12 to See art show hosted by Artserve in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA from August 4-25 2017. The work I am showing includes 8 paintings of photographic portraits taken of the Gumuz People in 2012 near to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia. The GERD is scheduled to commission this year and some news reports state that the reservoir is currently filling.<br />
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One of my colleagues traveled to the dam last year and contacted me via Skype to tell me that the trees had been felled and the valley prepared for the reservoir, though many of the people were still living in the valley. No one had anything to report on the displacement villages that were in the plans and since Ethiopia is still in a State of Emergency - essentially the government's lock down response to protests and potential civil war, it is near to impossible to get a straight story of what is happening over there. Short conversations I've had with some of the Ethiopian diaspora in Washington DC revealed that it is possible that the Gumuz have been incensed by moving in of other ethnic groups to mine the river gold and have taken to the bush to fight guerilla style. I also heard about two dozen Gumuz People had been killed in a clash near the dam.<br />
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The paintings call attention to the people who have been displaced by this project. Gumuz People are the main ethnicity in the valley and majority of the approximately 20,000 people who have been displaced. I chose images that demonstrate the breadth of life in the valley that I experienced when I visited in 2012 and included details of the political situation the people are facing. I feel that their culture, livelihoods, and identity since it is centered on the river, is in danger of complete disintegration once the river is replaced with a dammed reservoir. I hope I am wrong. In any case, I am bringing these paintings forward to a Western audience to heighten awareness that this sort of cultural genocide is still being perpetrated in the world. </div>
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Since there are only about 200,000 Gumuz speakers living along the Nile in Ethiopia and Sudan, the displacement figure of 20,000 accounts for close to 10% of the entire population. The people I met were living traditionally in a subsistence economy centered on the river. I shudder to think of what their fate will be living in government villages and receiving job training to become productive members of the greater Ethiopian economy. This is colonization. This is cultural genocide.</div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-90495695478047317332017-01-30T19:00:00.001-06:002017-02-03T20:38:08.795-06:00Upcoming Photography Show and Talk with Live Music<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
If you are in the Miami area, hope you can join for the opening reception of my first Miami show: Sacred Faces, Sacred Places. This will take place at the <a href="http://curtissmansion.com/" target="_blank">Curtiss Mansion</a> in Miami Springs - just near the MIA (airport) on 9 Feb from 6-9pm and <a href="http://iko-iko.com/v2/" target="_blank">Graham Drout</a>'s Pinecrest Pickers will be performing. I will be hosting a fundraiser for the Brave Heart Society, a woman's organization to preserve Dakota traditions and culture. We will also be honored by the presence of Indigenous Elders. Please come out and bring your friends for a fun night!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXWTA0mYhqQ9uLl0A-Z6AD4SAVk2sF6YvJ6ueoGQNNOvQ3tpTsv_6Q5619CyKbz_mIhZPE2cwx9sFHVrT2KKfvj112aNTR2clgQZN38igPdQfBaH1912tXdJM1fJ83zvu4_544BDws6H4/s1600/CurtissMPhotoShowCard.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXWTA0mYhqQ9uLl0A-Z6AD4SAVk2sF6YvJ6ueoGQNNOvQ3tpTsv_6Q5619CyKbz_mIhZPE2cwx9sFHVrT2KKfvj112aNTR2clgQZN38igPdQfBaH1912tXdJM1fJ83zvu4_544BDws6H4/s640/CurtissMPhotoShowCard.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-10947329909926473622016-12-19T12:16:00.000-06:002016-12-20T12:14:29.507-06:00Income Maps of the Native Americans Living in the Missouri River Basin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Candice Landry and I were discussing the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_justice" target="_blank">environmental justice</a></b> issues surrounding the Stand at Standing Rock. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/candice-m-w-landry-5b1244105" target="_blank">Candice is a geographer </a>who uses demographic and statistical data to highlight environmental justice issues in different US urban centers. Environmental justice looks at where and what portion of our population shoulders burdens related to living in proximity to degraded resources or pollution or contamination. Out of 485 counties in the Missouri River Basin, 48 host population that identifies as Native American and just more than 50% of these counties are either in the path of, or downstream of, the Dakota Access Pipeline.<br />
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To start unpacking the question of whether the environmental racism include economic prejudice, we started mapping income and comparing the situation with the Native American households, to that of their non-Native neighbors. We assessed data on households, not on individuals, so these numbers reflect incomes that could support one person, or a whole extended family of people.<br />
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We produced the following maps that show Indigenous People's household incomes throughout the counties of the Missouri River Basin. We started with assessing the median incomes throughout, and Candice found that there are significant populations living below $25,000 per year and further, populations living on less than $10,000 per year.<br />
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The Missouri River basin is home to more than 27 million people, including 367,649 Native Americans. Native Americans face serious economic challenges. Nation-wide median income for Native American households is $36,130, two-thirds the national median of $53,482. In the Missouri River basin, the gap is even larger where the median income is $29, 853. DAPL runs near and has a potential impact zone of many of where Indigenous People are found:</div>
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Many pockets of deep poverty—households earning less than $10,000 per year—can be found along the Missouri River and its tributaries, and many of this population living under the poverty level cluster near, or just downstream from, the pipeline route. The US Census reports that poverty level is currently set at households earning under $12K for one person or $24K for a family of four.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bCTmxT5KSajmVfXfAP3PS6pN7JsbtuWzW4egyCMeAj_t9WCrWS12unLlxD2Y2BSnB0tSYYnGxD0s6TkoiVjzaWhX0rIG19Un3dWN6HhOE1e28Q5EAbsKZ2D4moJrvvmtSM-TJDntSx4/s1600/10kLess_standalone_11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bCTmxT5KSajmVfXfAP3PS6pN7JsbtuWzW4egyCMeAj_t9WCrWS12unLlxD2Y2BSnB0tSYYnGxD0s6TkoiVjzaWhX0rIG19Un3dWN6HhOE1e28Q5EAbsKZ2D4moJrvvmtSM-TJDntSx4/s640/10kLess_standalone_11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Is it a race thing?</b><br />
In a word,<b> yes. </b><br />
The Indigenous People were speaking loudly on behalf of their rights, the rights of the sacred land and water, the rights of the river. But why were the Indigenous People put in this position by the pipeline in the first place?<b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_racism" target="_blank">Environmental racism</a>.</b><br />
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Evidence about the formerly proposed route of the pipeline shows that it was planned to pass just north of Bismarck through the Missouri River. Bismarck, mostly white (Euro-American) population, rejected this proposal due to concern about threats to their water resources from a possible leak in the pipe. So to address the concerns of Bismarck, or rather to avoid addressing them, the company just moved that route to a more agreeable location - where minorities live.<br />
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Specifically, where the Indigenous People live - a particularly at risk minority group in the United States that accounts for only 1-2% of the total country population, but who are the original inhabitants of the continent - pre-colonial invasion and occupation.<br />
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<b>Is it an economic thing?</b><br />
<b>Again, yes.</b><br />
Besides ethnicity, what is the difference between the rural Standing Rock Reservation location and semi-urban Bismarck? (I say semi-urban because Bismarck is not a city in the sense of an east or west coast city, it is more of a town.) <b>Economics.</b> The Americans living in Bismarck have opportunity to income-generating employment allowing for accumulation of wealth, which enables them to hire lawyers and lobbyists, and in this way, they build power, otherwise known as agency, for themselves through dollar bills. The Americans living on the Reservation have limited opportunities for employment and this does not allow for accumulation of wealth, limits ability of Tribal members to hire lawyers and lobbyists, and in this way, they lack power, otherwise known as agency, for themselves through poverty.<br />
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Since working on this project, conversations I have had with non-Native Americans has been frustratingly uninformed. Most people I speak with believe that the "Indians are rich from those casinos," or "I didn't know there were Native Americans still living up there." Candice and I discussed how many people in America have no idea about how many minority and economically challenged or poor people live here because they do not leave their socio-economic safety zone. So we decided to start mapping the difference.<br />
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These income maps highlight the already economically at-risk communities that the US Federal, State, and local governments along with the Texas-based developing company are putting at further economic, health, cultural, and wellbeing risk with this pipeline.<br />
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This four-set comparison map gives a breakdown of the Native American incomes by county throughout the basin from $25K to $10K side by side.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibKm_i_AlIfARMN8GPtIbhafCNgE0KCPSbAGhgQyevx5zptpkdWBAQZfrDcD5ZnIR0tXgIKC8CfBnlrIv1yJOunz4YB1B9K96fk3LwWk0YQB8RXvaEb_gdUP3cpKhDWt6WnOtDRRXpLrs/s1600/Combined_4insets_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibKm_i_AlIfARMN8GPtIbhafCNgE0KCPSbAGhgQyevx5zptpkdWBAQZfrDcD5ZnIR0tXgIKC8CfBnlrIv1yJOunz4YB1B9K96fk3LwWk0YQB8RXvaEb_gdUP3cpKhDWt6WnOtDRRXpLrs/s640/Combined_4insets_6.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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And this final map is a blow-up of the $25,000 and below breakout. If the household is a family of 4 people, all of these households are considered living below the US definition of poverty line on this map.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBNfho4QDsUI9Cyj9Jdm9J6Y7268-kMTwpEKjcyYot5WiGREBKpPXqUypPj5K3t5J_nUwEqWgk0x-TqIolg0tTwptSEzwWiEJYcNoB391u0-xNZBGpa6lfcG1IU6E4HDtta4GerHAlcVI/s1600/25kless_standalone_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBNfho4QDsUI9Cyj9Jdm9J6Y7268-kMTwpEKjcyYot5WiGREBKpPXqUypPj5K3t5J_nUwEqWgk0x-TqIolg0tTwptSEzwWiEJYcNoB391u0-xNZBGpa6lfcG1IU6E4HDtta4GerHAlcVI/s640/25kless_standalone_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-88709493911904253332016-12-09T12:24:00.000-06:002016-12-09T12:24:01.574-06:00Free Lecture to Update on Standing Rock at the Curtiss Mansion in Miami Springs 14 December<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I will be giving a <a href="http://www.miamisprings-fl.gov/community/talk-indigenous-water-protectors-standing-rock-and-dapl" target="_blank">free lecture at the Curtiss Mansion in Miami Springs, FL</a> about what is happening with the Stand at Standing Rock in regard to both the situation if you are unfamiliar and current events from Federal decisions in the last week.<br />
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Please see details from the flier and community announcement below:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqUCxI89l2MVLFhrRuWMW6jVJHQe86kjL3Mg7ZY0BRqgPcIM5l8sMtzwbMgq2tn0ImJ3ClB6Z5wUQT5vfITM8ovZ9F75ZdnAOcm2cyvpHqHOvOG2KYvOjIb088UJelk5GV0NhEuQgxL4/s1600/StandingRock12-14-16.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqqUCxI89l2MVLFhrRuWMW6jVJHQe86kjL3Mg7ZY0BRqgPcIM5l8sMtzwbMgq2tn0ImJ3ClB6Z5wUQT5vfITM8ovZ9F75ZdnAOcm2cyvpHqHOvOG2KYvOjIb088UJelk5GV0NhEuQgxL4/s640/StandingRock12-14-16.jpg" width="494" /></a></div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-48826687176331099922016-12-06T14:11:00.000-06:002016-12-06T14:11:24.926-06:00Water Security on the World's Rivers for Indigenous People on the radio<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This past Sunday I was a guest on <a href="http://www.wvum.org/radioactive-water-science-and-water-protectors-talking-global-context-and-standing-rock-with-jennifer-veilleux/" target="_blank">Natalie Krivell's University of Miami show RadioActive to speak about my water security work with indigenous people on global rivers and spotlight Standing Rock.</a><br />
Please listen to the podcast and think about some of the myriad important issues raised. We have indeed entered into an era of being impolite out of necessity.<br />
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On a personal note: the show was a great opportunity to speak about the science approach I have along with the critical social issues and human rights violations. The more I think about what is happening in my country and how our government is handling it's responsibility to the people governed - especially the people who were here before this colonial system dominated, the more I am convinced it is time to change and move on. Enough is enough in the words of my Indigenous Relatives. The frustrating incompetence of elected officials to monitor indigenous cultural engagements, environmental protections, and balance corporate interests with citizen safety has spiraled out of control.<br />
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That we've just elected a guy that represents corporate arrogance and white supremacy is equally frustrating. It is hard for me to sit comfortably in my space of being a scientist and simply objective when I see this injustice. And why should we? When we are in a privileged position to witness what is happening in an intimate way around the world, we also shoulder the burden of that responsibility. So often I meet scientists uneasy about making that step forward, to reveal what they find that is related to, but outside of their scientific research. We all need to step it up. I am doing what I can right now, but I know I need to do more.<br />
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I think of so many people I know hungry and thirsty for inclusion and empowerment in seemingly impossible hard power, soft power dynamics. I also think of the people I know who hide away in their bubble or in their room, taking substances to dull the pain, and convince themselves that being comfortable is what they deserve to be. They justify that while others suffer, they've experienced suffering and wear it as their badge of exception. Or that they are somehow superior - these people coincidentally have white skin. They are still privileged even in their broken and dysfunctional states and in that position can offer their power to those who need it most. How to convince those people to feel their guts, use their hearts, and step into this transition moment?<br />
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What will you do?</div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-42490750931218016052016-11-23T22:00:00.002-06:002016-11-23T22:01:44.165-06:00Upcoming University Panel on the Stand at Standing Rock <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Indigenous Water Protectors and the Dakota Access Pipeline Controversy: Implications for Protecting Global Water Security, People, and Environmental Resources</b></div>
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<b>Panel Discussion</b></div>
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<b>30 November, 7-9pm</b></div>
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<b>Florida International University MMC (main campus) Building PG5 Room 153</b></div>
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Florida International University asked me to help organize a panel on the topic of the Stand at Standing Rock - Indigenous People's rights in America and US Government preference for the oil industry in claiming energy security priority over water security, food security, and human security. In a remarkably quick turnaround - three FIU groups came together to make this happen:<br />
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<li>The Global Indigenous Forum</li>
<li>The GLobal Water Security Forum</li>
<li>Studies of Spirituality</li>
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For this panel <b>Faith Spotted Eagle</b>, an Elder from the Yankton Sioux Tribe and Treaty Council member, as well as member of the Brave Heart Society, an indigenous society for grandmothers to keep Dakota Tradition, will be our Keynote Speaker. She will be joined by <b>Bob Billie</b>, spiritual leader of the local Miccosukee Tribe, <b>Sam Tommie</b> environmental activist and filmmaker from the Seminole Tribe, <b>Dennis Wiedman</b> medical and environmental anthropologist who works with Indigenous Peoples in Florida and Oklahoma as well as Director of FIU's Global Indigenous Forum, <b>Manuel Gomez</b> lawyer working on the Chevron oil case in Ecuador with Indigenous People, and I will moderate and contribute as a water security geographer and river scientist working with Indigenous People on conflicts of modernity in the Nile, Mekong, and now the Missouri basins.<br />
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<b>I hope you can join us for this discussion about one of the most pressing issues in America at this moment in time.</b><br />
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-45318902530250258012016-11-21T19:20:00.002-06:002016-11-21T19:20:51.387-06:00Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Assessment of DAPL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Please find the <a href="http://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16021coll7/id/2801" target="_blank">USACE Environmental Assessment of the DAPL project h</a>ere. You have to download the pdf which takes awhile. I see how my holiday weekend is going to go.</div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-62767199737253128782016-11-07T15:15:00.001-06:002016-11-07T15:15:55.009-06:00High Country News Piece on Our Missouri River Standing Rock DAPL Water Security Research<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Thanks to journalist <a href="https://www.hcn.org/about/staff" target="_blank">Lydsey Gilpin</a>, the team's ongoing research efforts were highlighted this weekend on <a href="https://www.hcn.org/" target="_blank">High Cuuntry News website</a>, a news source that focuses on the American West people and environment. The article, <a href="http://www.hcn.org/articles/these-maps-fill-the-gap-in-information-about-the-dakota-access-pipeline" target="_blank">These Maps Help Fill the Information Gaps About the Dakota Access Pipeline</a>, traces the impetus for why I put together the team and then what we've produced so far. The <a href="http://jveilleux.blogspot.com/2016/11/two-maps-that-describe-water-security.html" target="_blank">maps that I along with Drs. Mariya Pak & Candice Weems created </a>were featured. Very exciting for the team and helps create more visibility about our narrative, which is taking the part of the indigenous story - one that is being told only marginally in the news.<br />
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Our team's work is collecting scientific basis to highlight threats to the Missouri River Basin human and ecological systems from the <b>exemption </b>permitted Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). <b>Yes, the pipeline went through some permitting process - but it was not a normal or complete process.</b> While DAPL has only had to put forward their project in small segments to bypass NEPA and Clean Water Act consideration, my team is attempting to pull together a quasi environmental impact assessment from the macro perspective - not what are the 1000 foot segment threats of this pipeline project to a certain place, but what is the 1172 mile threat of this pipeline project to the overall human and environmental systems? The economic, political, cultural, and environmental aspects of the Missouri River Basin, and eventually the Mississippi River Basin (the Missouri provides about 45% annual flow to the Mississippi - impacts can flow all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. And we are most interested in the minority that are vocalizing their discontent - the Indigenous People, the American Indians, the Native Americans - several names for the same group of people - the people who are leading the movement in North Dakota and around the country.<br />
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The team keeps expanding - we are collectively identifying the gaps in the story - the largest one of all is the voice of the Indigenous People of the United States of America. </div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-91603520360888405422016-11-05T09:46:00.000-05:002016-11-05T09:46:46.191-05:00New Water Security of the Missouri River Project Page<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
On my website, I put up a simple project page for:<br />
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<a href="http://www.jenniferveilleux.com/copy-of-portraits-from-rivers-of-ch" target="_blank">Water Security of the Missouri River and Potential Impacts from the Dakota Access Pipeline on People and the Environment Project</a><br />
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You can find high resolution images of our two published maps and there are more maps in the making as I write this. Also, I am creating a list of the some of our team members, so you can get an idea of the interdisciplinary background we collectively possess. Our potential projects are listed and I hope in the coming weeks we will start to populate those links as well. For now, they are simply - coming soon.<br />
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I am putting out a public call for anyone interested to help out with small pieces of what we are doing. There are many tasks that take 3 -5 hours of concentrated attention. Please let me know if you want to work on something by contacting me through my website.<br />
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Thanks!<br />
J<br />
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-78612031123083688912016-11-04T21:52:00.000-05:002016-11-04T21:52:11.248-05:00Fundraising, Please Contribute So Our Research Gets Back to the Tribes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://www.gofundme.com/jentostandingrock" target="_blank">I am currently fundraising to send myself back north</a> to share the analysis and work my team has pulled together this last month. So far I have raised close to half of the amount I need for logistics - total is estimated at $3000 for airfare, ground transportation, hotels, food, materials, etc.<br />
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My trip is scheduled for mid-November, I have bought the plane tickets already, and I plan to bring our new maps, a report, and more dialogue for collaboration with the Elders I met in Standing Rock on my last trip. Since this is a collaboration with the Tribes, I require their input about where we are taking this work and we would like to do this face-to-face meeting.<br />
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We would also like to further discuss plans for continued collaboration in mapping the oral histories and traditional knowledge from the Tribes about the landscape in the Missouri River Basin. I am currently looking for funding for that as well, but that is another situation!<br />
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Please consider <a href="https://www.gofundme.com/jentostandingrock" target="_blank">contributing to my fundraiser</a>, every dollar counts.<br />
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Thank you!<br />
Jen<br />
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-1709026757023395372016-11-02T21:11:00.000-05:002016-11-21T19:22:49.256-06:00Two Maps that Describe Water Security Threats from DAPL for the Missouri River and Indigenous People Living There<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>*Edit : <a href="http://www.jenniferveilleux.com/watersecuritymissouririver" target="_blank">Please see our webpage for additional maps and information.</a></b><br />
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My team has produced two new maps to describe the situation of the threats from the Dakota Access Pipeline to the Missouri River water security for humans and ecosystem - particularly the population at risk of Indigenous Peoples.<br />
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While our maps are focused on the Missouri River, which contributes close to half of the annual flow to the Mississippi River, the pipeline also crosses the Mississippi and just last week the pipeline construction under the Mississippi was completed. This means that although we are focused now on water security of the Missouri - this pipeline threatens the water security of the Mississippi River as well - a threat that carries all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. But that may take a larger study and more time and resources...<br />
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The maps:<br />
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While this map focuses on the Indigenous Populations at risk, please keep in mind that major city centers such as Kansas City, Sioux City, Omaha, and St. Lois are also at risk. In fact, there are about 2000 urban centers in the Missouri River Basin. This brings the number of people potentially impacted by a pipeline failure into the tens of millions. </div>
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<b>This first map</b> shows the <b>relationship</b> with where the <b>Tribal Lands</b> are held, the <b>proposed pipeline</b> route, where the proposed pipeline route <b>crosses major waterways</b> (there are hundreds of minor ones), and who lives downstream of those crossings - so who is at risk. This shows where <b>Indigenous People are at risk</b>. We have the names of the waterway crossings identified and listed, and the Tribal Land names downstream from those crossings listed.<br />
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What do I mean about Indigenous People at risk? I read a well researched but extremely biased piece about how the Indigenous claim to this pipeline problem is false. That the water intake is not even the primary intake for the Standing Rock Reservation drinking water supply. I am not only concerned with drinking water, although that factors in of course - Kansas City also sources their water from the river, by the way...<br />
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Water's biggest use is for agriculture. This is world wide. But water is also used for cultural, religious, and social reasons and this is often overlooked as an important and significant use of water.<br />
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Water, for Indigenous People world wide, holds <b>sacred</b> and <b>special significance</b>. Much like for the Christians, water is used for baptism, or Muslims water is used to cleanse before prayer, water for Indigenous People features into religious observance and practice, the spirit of the river itself is of vital importance - and this means that <b>the river, the water, is sacred</b>. So how the river is treated and managed is important not only for consumption, but for identity, prayer, and community. Many of the Indigenous People in question with Standing Rock and the DAPL conflict are river people, as is shown in Map 2 below. This is why, in my opinion, the Indigenous People are calling themselves water protectors. So, if the water is contaminated by oil, there is cultural and religious significance that is ruined or desecrated as well as <b>human health</b> risks and <b>ecosystem health</b> risks - so why would we want to take that risk?<br />
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Isn't it illegal to limit someone's religious freedom in this country?<br />
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The ecosystem is getting only a vague nod by the Feds. Two birds and fish are listed as endangered in the Missouri River mainstem.<a href="http://jveilleux.blogspot.com/2016/10/endangered-and-threatened-species-in.html" target="_blank"> I featured them in a post two weeks ago.</a> While this pipeline threatens their already altered and shrinking habitats, oil and hyrdofracking for oil upstream in the Bakken (which is contributing hydrofraking fluid to the Missouri River) is also ruining aquatic habitat and threatens to push more species into a threatened or endangered status. The ecosystems are also very important to Indigenous People's culture and religion. Damage to species of plants, animals, fish, birds are also a threat to Indigenous People in this way.<br />
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This second map is a demographic map that shows where populations of people live by county. In this case, we are interested in the <b>percentage of Indigenous Population</b> by US county in <b>relationship to the waterways</b> and the pipeline route. You can clearly see in this map that the Indigenous People living in the Missouri River Basin live mainly along waterways. They are <b>largely river communities and river peoples - connected intimately with the rivers</b>. The importance of the water for the Indigenous People population can be recognized in their presence and proximity to it. Again you can see the <b>populations at risk</b>, downstream of the pipeline route waterway crossings.</div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-46411594432263500502016-11-01T10:39:00.000-05:002016-11-01T10:40:55.356-05:00Public Talk about Standing Rock & Water Security this Saturday in Miami <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">On Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in North Dakota, Native American Tribes are standing against development of a 1</span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">,172 mile</span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"> oil pipeline. Mississippi Rivers. </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">The Dakota Access Pipeline, or DAPL, is designed to cross hundreds of waterways including the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. </span><span class="EOP SCX160795086" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; color: windowtext; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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More than 240 recognized Tribes stand in solidarity with Standing Rock against this threat of potential contamination of our longest and largest national water basins. This moment is </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="SpellingError SCX160795086" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">unprecendented</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"> in </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="SpellingError SCX160795086" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">contempoary</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"> times: this is the largest gathering of Native American Tribes. They stand unwavering under the banner of </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="SpellingError SCX160795086" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mni</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US"><span class="SpellingError SCX160795086" style="-webkit-nbsp-mode: normal !important; -webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-user-select: text; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-position: 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Wiconi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">, Lakota words that express: </span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">Water is Life</span><span class="TextRun SCX160795086" lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:lang="EN-US">. </span><span class="EOP SCX160795086" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-90940475974537165382016-10-19T20:51:00.000-05:002016-10-19T20:51:02.502-05:00Endangered and Threatened Species in the Missouri River<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Jon Eagle Sr. of the Standing Rock Lakota-Sioux Reservation in North Dakota told me that there are two birds and a fish threatened and endangered species in the Missouri River Basin. </div>
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<a href="https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/missouririver/mediapacket/benefits.pdf" target="_blank">I found that Fish and Wildlife have published a primer on the three species: a piping plover, least tern, and sturgeon to help the public understand the situation.</a></div>
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Here is the endangered pallid sturgeon, an ancient fish type:</div>
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<a href="http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/hires/2015/culpritident.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/hires/2015/culpritident.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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And <a href="http://phys.org/news/2015-01-culprit-decline-endangered-missouri-river.html" target="_blank">a paper published in 2015 shed light on why this species is endangered </a>- anoxic zones (areas of very low oxygen in the water) due to damming the Missouri River. In other words, humans engineered the river and now yet another species of fish cannot survive the change.</div>
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<a href="https://www.nps.gov/mnrr/learn/nature/piping-plover.htm" target="_blank">Then there is the cutie pie piping plover</a> - I participated on a study of breeding pairs of piping plovers on the Connecticut shoreline more than a decade ago and fell in love with these birds - they breed on the shores of Lake Oahe, one of the main crossing areas of the Dakota Access Pipeline. These birds are threatened - endangered populations also exist in the Great Lakes region.</div>
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<a href="https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/missouririver/mediapacket/plover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/missouririver/mediapacket/plover.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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And finally the Least Tern. <a href="https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/birds/leasttern/index.html" target="_blank">Since this bird lives and nests on sandy islands,</a> its habitat has been either removed or encroached upon by humans and the engineering of the Missouri. </div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Nesting_least_terns_Missouri_River.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Nesting_least_terns_Missouri_River.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The Dakota Access Pipeline poses a threat to the already problematic habitat loss and change due to human engineering to the Missouri River Basin. </div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-13290376430304618462016-10-19T00:28:00.000-05:002016-10-19T20:23:59.142-05:00Missouri River Basin Water Security Threats from Climate Change<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Working on a US river basin is proving to be the opposite of my usual problem of not enough data - I am practically drowning in it! <a href="http://www.crces.org/" target="_blank">The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System</a>, CRCES, out of Maryland that has conducted research on the <a href="http://missouri.crces.org/" target="_blank">Missouri River Basin's water security</a> vulnerabilities related to climate change. Their webpages contain useful information about the basin that I am examining to include in our water security threats and vulnerability assessment related to development (DAPL in specific). The page has some useful maps, reports, papers, and other resources worth checking out if you are interested in a better understanding of the basin.<br />
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Up front, the page tells us that the Missouri River Basin accounts for almost half of all the wheat production and more than a third of cattle production, valued at over $100 billion USD in 2008, the year we had an economic crisis.<br />
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I'm also finding a slew of interesting maps of the Basin. <a href="http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/index.html" target="_blank">This one from the US Army Corps of Engineers shows just how big the basin is</a> over the landmass of the United States - unfortunately the mapmakers cut the watershed off at the border - it actually covers territory in 2 Canadian Provinces as well.<br />
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<a href="http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/images/mrr_map_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/images/mrr_map_1.jpg" height="251" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/missouri-river-flood-drama-likely-took-direction-la-ni%C3%B1a" target="_blank">Another map from the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency </a>(NOAA) highlights where likely flooding will occur in the basin due to effects of weather and climate events.</div>
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<a href="https://www.climate.gov/sites/default/files/HRRiverStationsMap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://www.climate.gov/sites/default/files/HRRiverStationsMap.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_the_United_States_(by_main_stem)" target="_blank">The Missouri is the longest river in the United States and connects into the Mississippi </a>- which makes a hydrological connectivity that reaches the Gulf of Mexico. This is demonstrated in the complex but all inclusive map of the Mississippi River Basin from Wikipedia.</div>
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<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Mississippiriver-new-01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="366" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Mississippiriver-new-01.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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This map from the <a href="http://agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/dwr/interstate-rivers-and-compacts/missouri-river" target="_blank">Kansas Department of Agriculture</a> (I did not know that individual states had departments of agriculture before now) highlights the 6 main reservoirs along the Missouri operated by the Army Corps of Engineers and also that the water in the river is an important resource for Kansas City residents. </div>
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<a href="http://agriculture.ks.gov/images/default-source/iwi---images/missouri_river_basin.jpg?sfvrsn=2" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://agriculture.ks.gov/images/default-source/iwi---images/missouri_river_basin.jpg?sfvrsn=2" height="272" width="400" /></a></div>
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And the <a href="https://coyotegulch.wordpress.com/2014/03/20/world-resources-institute-worlds-18-most-water-stressed-rivers-coloradoriver/" target="_blank">World Resources Institute classifies stressed river basins</a> - they include the Mississippi (in which the Missouri lies) as moderate to high water stress.</div>
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<a href="http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/river_basin_map.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/river_basin_map.png" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
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And finally, for this post, a map of the average flow of rivers across the United States (note the basins all end at the border for political reasons, not natural reasons) <a href="http://scienceblogs.com/significantfigures/index.php/2013/06/20/americas-rivers-a-new-way-of-seeing-the-nations-waters/" target="_blank">from the offices of well-known water security scholar, Peter Gleick.</a></div>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-79798631420502666352016-10-18T12:21:00.001-05:002016-10-18T12:21:18.007-05:00Rescheduled Smithsonian Event This Thursday Evening 6:30 - 8:00 at Curtiss Mansion<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://goodhuecountyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Water-Ways.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://goodhuecountyhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Water-Ways.jpg" height="106" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>RESCHEDULED EVENT FROM 6 OCTOBER HURRICANE MATTHEW SHUTDOWN</b><br />
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On
October 20, 2016 from 6:30-8:00pm I will be moderating a panel of
experts for the Curtiss Mansions' Smithsonian WaterWays Exhibition on
South Florida Water Challenges and Solutions. The panel will include
experts from University of Miami, Florida International University, and
Miami Waterkeeper not-for-profit organization.<br />
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You can see the <a href="http://curtissmansion.com/panel-discussion-water-preservation-in-our-community/" target="_blank">Curtiss Mansions' website </a>for
more details and for the panelists' bios. If you are in Miami, please
plan to attend. The discussion should be both lively and informative!<br />
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-16938036882318942552016-10-17T21:01:00.000-05:002016-10-17T21:01:35.327-05:00Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) Environmental Assessment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
If you are interested to give a read of the Dakota Access Pipelines Environmental Assessment, that passed muster with our government, please see the document itself:
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<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/327954646/Dapl-Final-Ea-7-20-16#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Dapl Final Ea 7-20-16 on Scribd">Dapl Final Ea 7-20-16</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/user/249410804/Anonymous-PBrX5Mex7#from_embed" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Anonymous PBrX5Mex7's profile on Scribd">Anonymous PBrX5Mex7</a> on Scribd</div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="1.2941176470588236" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_18341" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/327954646/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-jyV3UQvIZ6igwsKJvvSK&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5836943061354514099.post-25619012429392822842016-10-16T23:31:00.000-05:002016-10-17T13:59:55.499-05:00Standing Rock Stand Against Water Defilement<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}"><span class="UFICommentBody">To protect water
ensures security for ecosystems, people, the river itself. The Indigenous Peoples of America
and the world are leading us toward a sustainable tomorrow, if we are
only willing to follow.</span></span></b> <br />
<br />
I have just returned from a field trip to North Dakota water protector camps on and near to the Standing Rock Lakota-Sioux Reservation. If you have not heard about this historic and monumental event, please read more about it on <a href="http://sacredstonecamp.org/" target="_blank">Sacred Stone Camp's website</a>. They have collected dozens of news articles about the situation. As I understand it...<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzq8RjBFhcdmI4PsDdrT3vrH1EVkMRTwQi85l_B37JxIYPLqu1uTnAkHQlUYqZrZBsjZVUzSnx9i3BzPIROFFUxcMlY65IUdLHBv15Z9KLX84zjZDOvQUBUyDajv6qEYUo4S_VW5P0q9s/s1600/LND_16_020_WaterisLifeBanner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzq8RjBFhcdmI4PsDdrT3vrH1EVkMRTwQi85l_B37JxIYPLqu1uTnAkHQlUYqZrZBsjZVUzSnx9i3BzPIROFFUxcMlY65IUdLHBv15Z9KLX84zjZDOvQUBUyDajv6qEYUo4S_VW5P0q9s/s320/LND_16_020_WaterisLifeBanner.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Delwin Fiddler holds open a Water is Life Banner at Oceti Sakowin</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Camp</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<b>THE ACTION </b>Indigenous Peoples and allies from around the country (<a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/video/pipeline-fight-unites-indigenous-people-786348099776" target="_blank">the count is up to more than 245 Indigenous Tribes</a>) and world have come together in North Dakota to stand against an oil pipeline called the Dakota Access Pipeline or DAPL for short. This unification of Tribes is unprecedented. The stand at Standing Rock Reservation is along the Missouri River and Cannonball River confluence and is full of people of all ages, native and non-native alike. People are staying in secure camps near to the construction of the pipeline. Those who have come there identify as Water Protectors and are putting their lives and bodies on the line to prevent development of an oil pipeline crossing the Missouri River. The camps are full of prayers. Groups of singers, drummers, flute players, and dancers share their performance as medicine for healing and strength.<br />
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<b>THE PIPELINE</b> This 1,172 mile pipeline is designed to cross the Missouri River and the Mississippi River as well as 8 other tributaries of the Missouri - as I wrote about previously, but as I learned in North Dakota, will cross 209 waterways in total. The pipeline company is called <a href="http://www.energytransfer.com/" target="_blank">Energy Transfer Partners</a> and is based in Texas, but has assets all over the United States. They state on their website that they are aware of Environmental Regulations and abide by them. If this is the case, why did they choose to fast track their pipeline construction, thereby bypassing Clean Water Act and NEPA regulations for proper Environmental Impact Assessment on the totality of this megaproject? What I am talking about is that the company, with the permission of the Federal Government bodies that could call them out on this and enforce otherwise, used a loophole in the law created for small-scale infrastructure projects. They broke their project impact into 1000 foot segments and assessed under those required guidelines - a much less rigorous and costly method to ensure environmental safety and compliance. This is a mega project and needs to be assessed as such. There is a reason why these laws are in place in the first place and finding ways around the law only serves to dilute the effectiveness of environmental policies.<br />
<br />
Pipelines leak. There are some good technologies out there that can
minimize threat and failure, but there is no full-proof design for
leak-proof pipelines. This particular pipeline will move through 4
states and 40 counties, but a breach could impact a much broader swathe
of America through contamination of both the surface and ground water.<br />
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<b>THE GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE</b> Currently, the state police and national guard are being used to protect this private company's interest - in other words, <i>tax payer dollars are being used for corporate interests.</i> This coupled with the taxpayer dollars required to clean up oil spills over the years puts public interests aside for private profit.<br />
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Additionally, <a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2016/10/15/breaking_nd_prosecutor_seeks_riot_charges" target="_blank">at least two people are being charged with either participating in or inciting a riot, when in fact both of these people were filming the North Dakota police, pipeline security, and water protector clashes.</a> Tomorrow we will see where the courts are going with such a charge and whether or not this goes anywhere - if either person is convicted they will be considered political prisoners, something that happens in other countries frequently and why many people seek asylum in America - we have Right to Free Speech, Freedom of the Press, and Right to Assembly. This is getting a bit confusing as well because people are being arrested for exercising their First Amendment. <a href="https://www.learningtogive.org/resources/right-assemble" target="_blank">In case you need a refresher (I know I did):</a><br />
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In the First Amendment to the United States Constitution it states:
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances"
(Bloom p. 81). The right of a citizen to peacefully 1) parade and gather or 2)
demonstrate support or opposition of public policy or 3) express one's
views is guaranteed by the freedom of speech and the right to peaceably
assembly..</div>
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<a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-department-justice-department-army-and-department-interior-regarding-standing" target="_blank">On September 9th the Department of Justice put forward a statement </a>that they would be meeting with Tribal members across the country this fall to discuss two items (no doubt related to what has been inspired at Standing Rock):<br />
1. within the existing statutory framework, what should the federal
government do to better ensure meaningful tribal input into
infrastructure-related reviews and decisions and the protection of
tribal lands, resources, and treaty rights? <br />
2. should new
legislation be proposed to Congress to alter that statutory framework
and promote those goals?<br />
<br />
Meetings have already occurred in Phoenix, Arizona and will continue this fall. I am interested to hear what the Tribes call for from the government in light of continued infrastructural development encroachment on water, land, and resources guaranteed through the Treaties (<a href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Kappler/Vol2/toc.htm" target="_blank">for a complete list, University of Oklahoma has a database). </a><br />
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<b>THE MEDIA'S ROLE</b><br />
Traditional media has done a crap job covering this event. People have been camped near the river since April. The camp swelled and an overflow camp was established over the summer. This fall, people are digging in for the winter. Yet, not much of anything has appeared on the evening news, and barely anything about this in the newspapers. This is news. I cannot believe that the elections need that much airspace that not one story can be shared about this.<br />
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When an article does get published by a mainstream outfit, such as t<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/11/us/tribes-protest-oil-pipeline-north-dakota.html?_r=0" target="_blank">he recent New York Times article by Jack Healey</a>
(you can email him at<b> </b><span class="st"><b>jack.healy@nytimes.com</b><em> </em>to let him know what you think) </span>the coverage is painfully biased and poorly written by junior,
inexperienced journalists and photographers (the photos look like the
photographer didn't get out of the vehicle, & the voice-over by the
author is amateurish at best). <b> </b><br />
<br />
If you want to know about Standing Rock situation, it is best to check social media. Some of that has not been cooperating and working properly either. Some people think that the media black out is on purpose. Some people experience that social media is being limited - such as some functionality of Facebook has been acting unusual - such as the live feed or videos not posting properly or in a timely fashion.<b></b><br />
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<b>THE BOTTOM LINE</b><br />
People who care about the security of the water are taking a stand in North Dakota. This is another in a trend of actions taken across the country of people standing against the irresponsible development fostered by a broken Federal permitting process that is overlooking its own law and policy. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" target="_blank">Clean Water Act</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" target="_blank">National Environmental Policy Act</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" target="_blank">Endangered Species Act</a>. These decisions were put in place for a reason. Touting "National Security" reasons for building a pipeline to process crude oil that will most likely sell to the highest bidder - not necessarily for domestic markets - does not trump the need for this Energy Transfers company to follow regulations like everyone else. Water is our most important national security issue. Wake up Washington.<br />
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*** </div>
<br />
<b><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}"><span class="UFICommentBody">To protect water
ensures security for ecosystems, people, the river itself. The indigenous peoples of America
and the world are leading us toward a sustainable tomorrow, if we are only willing to follow.</span></span></b></div>
Jenniferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15591120124594392083noreply@blogger.com0